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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/03 18:43:57」(JST)

Redundancy or redundant may refer to:

Language and arts

Data redundancy, database systems which have a field that is repeated in two or more tables
Redundancy (engineering), the duplication of critical components or functions of a system with the intention of increasing reliability
Redundancy (information theory), the number of bits used to transmit a message minus the number of bits of actual information in the message
Redundancy in total quality management, quality which exceeds the required quality level, creating unnecessarily high costs
Redundancy (user interfaces), the same task executed by several different methods
Redundant code, computer program code that has no effect on program output
Redundancy check, error detection made possible by adding redundant information to a message or signal
Logic redundancy, a digital gate network containing circuitry that does not affect the static logic function

Codon redundancy, the redundancy of the genetic code exhibited as the multiplicity of three-codon combinations
Cytokine redundancy, a term in immunology referring to the phenomenon in which, and the ability of, multiple cytokines to exert similar actions
Gene redundancy, the existence of several genes in the genome of an organism that perform the same role to some extent

Layoff, termination of employment of a person whose post becomes unnecessary
Voluntary redundancy, termination of employment by agreement between employee and employer
Redundancy in English law, redundancy in English labour law refers to the dismissal of an employee

Proteomic Analysis of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Pancreatic Tissue Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Paulo JA, Lee LS, Banks PA, Steen H, Conwell DL.SourceFrom the *Department of Pathology and †Proteomics Center at Children's Hospital Boston; ‡Center for Pancreatic Disease, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Departments of Medicine and §Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Pancreas.Pancreas.2011 Oct 19. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVES: FFPE tissue is a standard method of specimen preservation for hospital pathology departments. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue banks are a resource of histologically characterized specimens for retrospective biomarker investigation. We aim to establish liquid chromatography couple
PMID 22015969

A high-throughput screening fluorescence polarization assay for fatty acid adenylating enzymes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Grimes KD, Aldrich CC.SourceCenter for Drug Design, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Analytical biochemistry.Anal Biochem.2011 Oct 15;417(2):264-73. Epub 2011 Jul 2.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis (TB), encodes for an astonishing 34 fatty acid adenylating enzymes (FadDs), which play key roles in lipid metabolism. FadDs involved in lipid biosynthesis are functionally nonredundant and serve to link fatty acid and polyketide synth
PMID 21771578

Efficient enumeration of stereoisomers of tree structured molecules using dynamic programming

Imada Tomoki,Ota Shunsuke,Nagamochi Hiroshi,Akutsu Tatsuya
Journal of Mathematical Chemistry 49(4), 910-970, 2011-04
… Nonredundant and exhaustive generation of stereoisomers of a chemical compound with a specified constitution is one of the important tools for molecular structure elucidation and molecular design. …
NAID 120003001339

オステオポンチンの遺伝子組換えによる尿路結石形成機序の解明と分子標的治療への応用 (第59回日本泌尿器科学会中部総会(金沢) シンポジウム尿路結石の概念を変える,治療・予防法を変える)

濱本周造,安井孝周,岡田淳志 [他]
泌尿器科紀要 57(1), 55-58, 2011-01
… Osteopontin (OPN) has been described to play a nonredundant role in the formation of renal crystals. …
NAID 120002770956