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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/08 19:07:23」(JST)

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Urea

Streptozotocin

ENU

Nitrosourea is both the name of a molecule, and a class of compounds that include a nitroso (R-NO) group and a urea.

Examples[edit]

Examples include:

Carmustine
Lomustine
Semustine
Ethylnitrosourea (ENU)
Streptozotocin

Nitrosourea compounds are DNA alkylating agents and are often used in chemotherapy.^[1] They are lipophilic and thus can cross the blood–brain barrier, making them useful in the treatment of brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme.^[2]

Side effects[edit]

Some nitrosoureas (e.g. lomustine) have been associated with the development of interstitial lung disease.^[3]

References[edit]

^ "Antineop". Retrieved 2009-01-24.
^ Takimoto CH, Calvo E. "Principles of oncologic pharmacotherapy". in Pazdur R, Wagman LD, Camphausen KA, Hoskins WJ (Eds) Cancer management: a multidisciplinary approach. 11 ed. 2008.
^ Tucci E, Verdiani P, Di Carlo S, Sforza V (1986). "Lomustine (CCNU)-induced pulmonary fibrosis". Tumori 72 (1): 95–8. PMID 3952821.

External links[edit]

Nitrosourea Compounds at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
DDB 9052

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UpToDate Contents

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1. ニトロソウレア誘発性肺障害 nitrosourea induced pulmonary injury
2. 非プラチナ製剤ベースの癌化学療法の神経学的合併症の概要 overview of neurologic complications of non platinum cancer chemotherapy
3. 高グレードの神経膠腫に対する実験的治療アプローチ experimental treatment approaches for high grade gliomas
4. 再発高グレード神経膠腫のマネージメント management of recurrent high grade gliomas
5. 膠芽腫（グリオブラストーマ）および未分化星細胞腫に対する術後初回治療 initial postoperative therapy for glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma

English Journal

Prognostic Factors in an Exercised Model of Chemically-induced Mammary Cancer.

Alvarado A1, Faustino-Rocha AI2, Ferreira R3, Mendes R4, Duarte JA5, Pires MJ6, Colaço B7, Oliveira PA8.
Anticancer research.Anticancer Res.2016 May;36(5):2181-8.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Estrogen receptor α (ERα) and Ki-67 are strong prognostic and predictive markers in woman breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the immunoexpression of prognostic factor markers ERα, Ki-67 proliferation index (Ki-67 PI) and the mitotic activity index (MAI) in mammary tumors
PMID 27127121

Synthesis and antitumor activity evaluation of a novel combi-nitrosourea prodrug: Designed to release a DNA cross-linking agent and an inhibitor of O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase.

Sun G1, Zhang N1, Zhao L2, Fan T1, Zhang S1, Zhong R1.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry.Bioorg Med Chem.2016 May 1;24(9):2097-107. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.03.041. Epub 2016 Mar 25.
The drug resistance of CENUs induced by O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT), which repairs the O(6)-alkylated guanine and subsequently inhibits the formation of dG-dC cross-links, hinders the application of CENU chemotherapies. Therefore, the discovery of CENU analogs with AGT inhibiting ac
PMID 27041398

Characterization of mammary adenocarcinomas in male rats after N-methyl-N-nitrosourea exposure-Potential for human male breast cancer model.

Yoshizawa K1, Yuki M2, Kinoshita Y3, Emoto Y2, Yuri T2, Shikata N4, Elmore SA5, Tsubura A2.
Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft für Toxikologische Pathologie.Exp Toxicol Pathol.2016 May;68(5):263-70. doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.01.005. Epub 2016 Feb 3.
The frequency of breast cancer in men is extremely rare, reported to be less than 1% and there is currently no available animal model for male mammary tumors. We compared the characteristics of various immunohistochemical markers in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary adenocarcinomas in mal
PMID 26852374

Japanese Journal

KDEL receptor 1 regulates T-cell homeostasis via PP1 that is a key phosphatase for ISR

Kamimura Daisuke,Katsunuma Kokichi,Arima Yasunobu,Atsumi Toru,Jiang Jing-jing,Bando Hidenori,Meng Jie,Sabharwal Lavannya,Stofkova Andrea,Nishikawa Naoki,Suzuki Hironao,Ogura Hideki,Ueda Naoko,Tsuruoka Mineko,Harada Masaya,Kobayashi Junya,Hasegawa Takanori,Yoshida Hisahiro,Koseki Haruhiko,Miura Ikuo,Wakana Shigeharu,Nishida Keigo,Kitamura Hidemitsu,Fukada Toshiyuki,Hirano Toshio,Murakami Masaaki
Nature communications 6, 7474, 2015-06
… Designing and using an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-mutant mouse line, T-Red (naive T-cell reduced), we show that a point mutation in KDELR1 is responsible for the reduction in the number of naive T cells in this model owing to an increase in ISR. …
NAID 120005647268

Mead acid supplementation does not rescue rats from cataract and retinal degeneration induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea

Emoto Yuko,Yoshizawa Katsuhiko,Hamazaki Kei [他]
Journal of toxicologic pathology 28(1), 11-20, 2015
NAID 40020360976

Advances on genetic rat models of epilepsy

SERIKAWA Tadao,MASHIMO Tomoji,KURAMORO Takashi,VOIGT Birger,OHNO Yukihiro,SASA Masashi
Experimental Animals 64(1), 1-7, 2015
… N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis provides a systematic approach which allowed us to develop two novel epileptic rat models: heat-induced seizure susceptible (Hiss) rats with an Scn1a missense mutation and autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy (ADLTE) model rats with an Lgi1 missense mutation. …
NAID 130004921800

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拡張検索	「ethylnitrosourea」「methylnitrosourea」「nitrosourea compound」

「ethylnitrosourea」

Nitrosourea
	IUPAC name Nitrosourea
Identifiers
CAS number	13010-20-3
PubChem	105035
ChemSpider	94772
Jmol-3D images	Image 1; Image 2
	SMILES NC(=O)N=NO C(=O)(N)NN=O ;
	InChI InChI=1S/CH3N3O2/c2-1(5)3-4-6/h(H3,2,3,5,6) ; Key: OSTGTTZJOCZWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
Properties
Molecular formula	CH3N3O2
Molar mass	89.05 g mol−1
	Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
	Infobox references