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母斑(ぼはん)(先天性のあざ・ほくろ・そばかすなど)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/02 02:38:22」(JST)

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Nevus depigmentosus or nevus achromicus^[1] is a depigmentation problem in skin which can be easily differentiated from vitiligo. Although age factor has not much involvement in the nevus depigmentosus but in about 19% of the cases these are noted at birth. Their size may however grow in proportion to growth of the body. The distribution is also fairly stable and are nonprogressive hypopigmented patches.^[2] The exact cause of nevus depigmentosus is still not clearly understood. A sporadic defect in the embryonic development has been suggested to be a causative factor.^[3] It has been described^{[by whom?]} as "localised albinism", though this is incorrect. Those with nevus depigmentosus may be prone to sunburn due to the lack of pigment, and the patient should use good sun protection.^[4] Sunscreen should be applied to all exposed skin, since reduced tanning of normal skin will decrease the contrast with hypopigmented skin.^[4] Most patients with nevus depigmentosus do not pursue treatment for their lesion.^[5] There is no way to repigment the skin.^[5] If, however, the lesion is of cosmetic concern, camouflage makeup is effective.^[5] If the lesion is small one could also consider excision.^[5]

Causes

These white spots result from abnormalities in the function of melanocytes which produce little pigment thereby resulting in characteristic white spots in skin.^[2]

Symptoms

These are localized white spots on skin which may affect any area of the body, but these white spots are quite stable lesions.^[2] In the majority of patients, the lesions are not completely achromic, but are hypopigmented and resemble splashed paint.^[6] The individual lesions are permanent and there are no effective therapies for re-pigmenting this nevus.^[6] If there is hair in an affected area, it is usually colourless or white.

Treatment

Different therapeutic modalities have been attempted to repigment the lesions of nevus depigmentosus such as PUVA, excimer laser, and different grafting techniques. PUVA therapy has not been shown to be beneficial.^[7] Successful repigmentation was reported in a single case with 14 sessions of excimer laser treatment.^[8] Though the repigmentation of nevus depigmentosus is possible by grafting techniques, the results are inconsistent and recurrence is possible. In consideration of the experience of other authors and us, the quality and retention of pigment are unpredictable. These factors need to be considered while consulting and offering any treatment to the patient of nevus depigmentosus.^[9]

References

^ Lee HS, Chun YS, Hann SK; Chun; Hann (January 1999). "Nevus depigmentosus: clinical features and histopathologic characteristics in 67 patients". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 40 (1): 21–6. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(99)70524-4. PMID 9922008.
^ ^a ^b ^c Lee, H S; Chun, Y S & Hann, S K (January 1999). "Nevus depigmentosus: clinical features and histopathologic characteristics in 67 patients". J Am Acad Dermatol 40 (1): 21–26. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(99)70524-4. PMID 9922008.
^ Pinto, FJ; Bolognia, JL (1991). "Disorders of hypopigmentation in children". Pediatric clinics of North America (U.S. National Library of Medicine) 38 (4): 991–1017. PMID 1870914.
^ ^a ^b J. Kwiatkowski, David. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Genes, Clinical Features and Therapeutics. p. 286. ISBN 978-3-527-32201-5.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d J. Nordlund, James. The pigmentary system: physiology and pathphysiology. p. 651. ISBN 978-0-19-509861-7.
^ ^a ^b Clinical Pediatric Dermatology. p. 92. ISBN 978-81-312-1489-3. |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
^ Berg M, Tarnowski W. Nevus pigmentosus. Arch Dermatol 1974;109:920.
^ Kim DY, Lee KY, Park YK. Use of the 308-nm excimer laser for nevus depigmentosus: A promising treatment for either nevus depigmentosus or vitiligo. J Dermatol 2007;34:217-8.
^ Mulekar, S.; Al Issa, A.; Al Eisa, A. (2011). "Nevus depigmentosus treated by melanocyte-keratinocyte transplantation". Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery 4 (1): 29–32. doi:10.4103/0974-2077.79185. PMC 3081481. PMID 21572678. edit

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1. 斑状の皮膚病変を有する患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with macular skin lesions
2. 尋常性白斑 vitiligo

English Journal

Nevus depigmentosus and nevus of Ito: pigmentary twin spotting.

Singh N1, Chandrashekar L, Thappa DM, Kar R.
International journal of dermatology.Int J Dermatol.2014 Aug;53(8):1005-7. doi: 10.1111/ijd.12527. Epub 2014 Jun 5.
PMID 24898138

Analysis of 36 cases of Blaschkoid dyspigmentation: reading between the lines of Blaschko.

Cohen J 3rd1, Shahrokh K, Cohen B.
Pediatric dermatology.Pediatr Dermatol.2014 Jul-Aug;31(4):471-6. doi: 10.1111/pde.12346.
Genetic mosaicism indicated by lines of Blaschko pigmentary changes has been described under a number of different and confusing terms, including hypomelanosis of Ito, linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis, nevus depigmentosus, and cutis tricolor. Moreover, extracutaneous findings, particularly s
PMID 25039703

Japanese Journal

脱色素性母斑 : 最近の知見

大磯直毅,川田暁
日本小児皮膚科学会雑誌 = Journal of pediatric dermatology 29(2), 85-89, 2010-11-30
NAID 10027698391

伊藤白斑・脱色素性母斑・結節性硬化症・白皮症 (特集専門医にきく子どもの皮層疾患) -- (母斑(症)・血管腫・皮膚腫瘍)

竹中秀也,岸本三郎
小児科診療 72(11), 2124-2130, 2009-11
NAID 40016861088

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元

「脱色素性母斑」

Nevus depigmentosus
	Man's chest with nevus depigmentosus.; Notice the affected (white) area to the left of the nipple.
Classification and external resources

　　[★]

英: nevus depigmentosus
ラ: naevus depigmentosus
同: 白斑性母斑 nevus vitiligoides

[1] Lee HS, Chun YS, Hann SK; Chun; Hann (January 1999). "Nevus depigmentosus: clinical features and histopathologic characteristics in 67 patients". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 40 (1): 21–6. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(99)70524-4. PMID 9922008.

[nevus-2] Lee, H S; Chun, Y S & Hann, S K (January 1999). "Nevus depigmentosus: clinical features and histopathologic characteristics in 67 patients". J Am Acad Dermatol 40 (1): 21–26. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(99)70524-4. PMID 9922008.

[3] Pinto, FJ; Bolognia, JL (1991). "Disorders of hypopigmentation in children". Pediatric clinics of North America (U.S. National Library of Medicine) 38 (4): 991–1017. PMID 1870914.

[Kwiatkowski-4] J. Kwiatkowski, David. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Genes, Clinical Features and Therapeutics. p. 286. ISBN 978-3-527-32201-5.

[J._Nordlund_1025-5] J. Nordlund, James. The pigmentary system: physiology and pathphysiology. p. 651. ISBN 978-0-19-509861-7.

[Clinical_Pediatric_Dermatology-6] Clinical Pediatric Dermatology. p. 92. ISBN 978-81-312-1489-3. |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)

[7] Berg M, Tarnowski W. Nevus pigmentosus. Arch Dermatol 1974;109:920.

[8] Kim DY, Lee KY, Park YK. Use of the 308-nm excimer laser for nevus depigmentosus: A promising treatment for either nevus depigmentosus or vitiligo. J Dermatol 2007;34:217-8.

[9] Mulekar, S.; Al Issa, A.; Al Eisa, A. (2011). "Nevus depigmentosus treated by melanocyte-keratinocyte transplantation". Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery 4 (1): 29–32. doi:10.4103/0974-2077.79185. PMC 3081481. PMID 21572678. edit

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nevus depigmentosus