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epithelium associated with special sense organs and containing sensory nerve endings

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1. まれな脳腫瘍 uncommon brain tumors
2. 小児における中枢神経系腫瘍の疫学 epidemiology of central nervous system tumors in children
3. 原発性および転移性脳腫瘍患者における痙攣発作 seizures in patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors
4. 髄芽腫の組織病理および分子学的病因 histopathology and molecular pathogenesis of medulloblastoma
5. 味覚および嗅覚障害の解剖学および病因 anatomy and etiology of taste and smell disorders

English Journal

Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM) Induces High Occurrence of Neural Tube Defects in Embryonic Mouse Brain During Neurulation.

Quan H1, Ma T, Zhao X, Zhao B, Liu Y, Li H.Author information 1Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan St 30#, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the direct embryonic teratogenicity of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), especially the toxic effects on the early development of the nervous system and its underlying mechanisms. Pregnant mice at embryonic day 6.5 (E6.5) were injected with different doses of VCM (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) and embryos were harvested at E10.5. Our results showed that doses higher than 400 mg/kg of VCM increased the incidence of malformed embryos, especially the neural tube defects (NTDs). In addition, high-dose of VCM decreased mitotic figure counts in the neuroepithelium and enhanced the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase, while they were reduced in S phase. The more VCM was injected into mice, the fewer positive PCNA cells were seen and the more positive TUNEL cells were observed in the neuroepithelium. Moreover, significant increases in the levels of caspase-3 protein were observed in NTD embryos. Our results demonstrate that during early pregnancy, exposure to doses higher than 400 mg/kg of VCM increases the incidence of malformations and particularly the rate of NTDs. High-dose of VCM inhibits the proliferation of neural cells and induces cell apoptosis, leading to an imbalance in the ratio of proliferation and apoptosis. Meanwhile, the apoptosis of neuroepithelial cells might be accelerated by the activation of the caspase-3 pathway, and it might be a reason for NTDs.
Cellular and molecular neurobiology.Cell Mol Neurobiol.2014 May;34(4):619-30. doi: 10.1007/s10571-014-0049-6. Epub 2014 Mar 25.
The aim of this study was to explore the direct embryonic teratogenicity of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), especially the toxic effects on the early development of the nervous system and its underlying mechanisms. Pregnant mice at embryonic day 6.5 (E6.5) were injected with different doses of VCM (20
PMID 24664314

Choroid plexus carcinomas are characterized by complex chromosomal alterations related to patient age and prognosis.

Ruland V1, Hartung S, Kordes U, Wolff JE, Paulus W, Hasselblatt M.Author information 1Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.AbstractChoroid plexus carcinoma is a malignant brain tumor predominantly occurring in young children. Only limited data are available regarding the underlying molecular genetic alterations. Therefore, molecular inversion probe single nucleotide polymorphism (MIP SNP) arrays were performed on a series of 26 neuropathologically well-characterized choroid plexus carcinomas. Recurrent copy number losses of chromosomes 5, 6, 16, 18, 19, and 22 as well as gains of chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 12, and 20 were identified. Furthermore, GISTIC analysis identified significant recurrent gains of 17 genes in 9 regions, and recurrent losses of 96 genes in 14 regions. Clustering analysis separated choroid plexus carcinomas into two groups: one characterized by marked losses and the other characterized by gains across the chromosomes. Chromosomal losses of 9, 19p, and 22q were significantly more frequent in younger children (<36 months), whereas gains on chromosomes 7 and 19, and chromosome arms 8q, 14q, and 21q prevailed in older patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that loss of 12q was associated with shorter survival [12 ± 5 months vs. 86 ± 8 months; (mean ± SD; P = 0.001)] and, in addition, 45 smaller chromosomal regions showing genetic alterations significantly associated with survival could be identified. The MIP SNP array profiles also contributed to the diagnosis of two difficult SMARCB1-negative tumors as choroid plexus carcinoma and cribriform neuroepithelial tumor (CRINET), respectively. In conclusion, choroid plexus carcinomas are characterized by complex genetic alterations, which are related to patient age and may have prognostic and diagnostic value. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genes, chromosomes & cancer.Genes Chromosomes Cancer.2014 May;53(5):373-80. doi: 10.1002/gcc.22148. Epub 2014 Jan 30.
Choroid plexus carcinoma is a malignant brain tumor predominantly occurring in young children. Only limited data are available regarding the underlying molecular genetic alterations. Therefore, molecular inversion probe single nucleotide polymorphism (MIP SNP) arrays were performed on a series of 26
PMID 24478045

A peculiar histopathological form of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor with separated pilocytic astrocytoma and rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor components.

Matyja E1, Grajkowska W, Kunert P, Marchel A.Author information 1Department of Experimental and Clinical Neuropathology, M. Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurosurgery, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre, Warsaw, Poland.AbstractDysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNTs) mostly display typical clinical, neuroimaging and histopathological features, but sometimes they reveal heterogeneous or non-specific morphology, which results in diagnostic dilemmas. We present a case of a young adult with longstanding, intractable epilepsy associated with a multinodular cystic lesion in the temporal lobe. The lesion consisted of morphologically different components. In particular, a few cortical nodules displayed a specific glioneuronal element with floating neurons typically found in DNT. Two large, well-circumscribed nodules were entirely composed of biphasic, piloid, astroglial patterns that corresponded strictly to a pilocytic astrocytoma. The well-defined areas, which contained numerous distinct neurocytic-like rosettes, were identical with rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors (RGNTs). This type of neurocytic rosette was widespread within the surrounding piloid background. Some solid nodules exhibited increased cellularity, oligodendroglioma-like elements and a focal ribbon cell arrangement. The lesion was associated with advanced reactive gliosis and foci of dysplastic changes in the adjacent cortex. The clinico-radiological and main histopathological features were consistent with a diagnosis of a complex variant of DNT composed of pilocytic and rosette-forming glioneuronal components. Although both piloid tissue and rosette-like formations have been occasionally mentioned in DNT lesions, the present case of DNT was unique in its well-circumscribed, separate pilocytic and RGNT nodules. We concluded that it represented an unusual, mixed pilocytic/RGNT variant of DNT.
Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology.Neuropathology.2014 Apr 16. doi: 10.1111/neup.12124. [Epub ahead of print]
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNTs) mostly display typical clinical, neuroimaging and histopathological features, but sometimes they reveal heterogeneous or non-specific morphology, which results in diagnostic dilemmas. We present a case of a young adult with longstanding, intractable epi
PMID 24735014