nephrocalcinosis

腎石灰化症 　

WordNet

1. renal lithiasis in which calcium deposits form in the renal parenchyma and result in reduced kidney function and blood in the urine

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/10/06 05:59:59」(JST)

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Nephrocalcinosis
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	E83.5†N29.8*
ICD-9	275.49
DiseasesDB	8902
MedlinePlus	000492
eMedicine	article/243911
Patient UK	Nephrocalcinosis

Nephrocalcinosis, once known as Albright's calcinosis after Fuller Albright, or "Anderson-Carr" Kidneys, is a term originally used to describe deposition of calcium salts in the renal parenchyma due to hyperparathyroidism. It is now more commonly used to describe diffuse, fine, renal parenchymal calcification on radiology. During its early stages, nephrocalcinosis is visible on x-ray, and appears as a fine granular mottling over the renal outlines. These outlines eventually come together to form a dense mass. It is most commonly seen as an incidental finding with medullary sponge kidney on an abdominal x-ray. However, it may be severe enough to cause (as well as be caused by) renal tubular acidosis or even end stage renal failure, due to disruption of the renal tissue by the deposited calcium.

Stages of nephrocalcinosis

• Chemical nephrocalcinosis
• Microscopic nephrocalcinosis
• Macroscopic nephrocalcinosis

Symptoms of nephrocalcinosis

Though this condition is usually asymptomatic, if symptoms are present they are usually related to the causative process, (e.g. hypercalcemia). These include renal colic, polyuria and polydipsia:

• Renal colic is usually caused by pre-existing nephrolithiasis, as may occur in patients with chronic hypercalciuria. Less commonly, it can result from calcified bodies moving into the calyceal system.
• Nocturia, polyuria, and polydipsia from reduced urinary concentrating capacity (i.e. nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) as can be seen in hypercalcemia, medullary nephrocalcinosis of any cause, or in children with Bartter syndrome in whom essential tubular salt reabsorption is compromised.

There are several causes of nephrocalcinosis that are typically acute and present only with renal failure. These include tumor lysis syndrome, acute phosphate nephropathy, and occasional cases of enteric hyperoxaluria.

Etiologies

Causes of cortical nephrocalcinosis

• Acute cortical necrosis. May be caused by:
  • Placenta abruptio
  • Placenta previa
  • Septic abortion
  • Transfusion reactions
  • Burns
  • Snake bite
  • Severe dehydration
  • Shock
  • Severe heart failure
  • Abdominal aortic surgery
• Chronic glomerulonephritis
• Alport syndrome
• Prolonged hypercalcemia and/or hypercalciuria
• Renal transplant rejection
• Sickle cell disease (rare)
• Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency (rare)

Causes of medullary nephrocalcinosis

Medullary nephrocalcinosis in Sonography

• Medullary sponge kidney
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Hypoparathyroidism
• Renal tubular acidosis (specifically distal RTA)
• Renal tuberculosis
• Renal papillary necrosis
• Hyperoxaluria

And other causes of hypercalcemia (and thus hypercalciuria)

• Immobilization (leading to hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria)
• Milk-alkali syndrome
• Hypervitaminosis D
• Sarcoidosis

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 腎石灰沈着症 nephrocalcinosis
• 2. 新生児における腎石灰化症 nephrocalcinosis in neonates
• 3. 低マグネシウム血症の原因 causes of hypomagnesemia
• 4. 小児における腎結石症の疫学および危険因子 epidemiology of and risk factors for nephrolithiasis in children
• 5. デント病（X連鎖劣性腎結石症） dents disease x linked recessive nephrolithiasis

English Journal

• Novel NaPi-IIc mutations causing HHRH and idiopathic hypercalciuria in several unrelated families: Long-term follow-up in one kindred.

• Yu Y, Sanderson SR, Reyes M, Sharma A, Dunbar N, Srivastava T, Jüppner H, Bergwitz C.SourceEndocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
• Bone.Bone.2012 May;50(5):1100-6. Epub 2012 Feb 24.
• Homozygous and compound heterozygous mutations in SLC34A3, the gene encoding the sodium-dependent co-transporter NaPi-IIc, cause hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH), a disorder characterized by renal phosphate-wasting resulting in hypophosphatemia, elevated 1,25(OH)(2) vit
• PMID 22387237

• Re: nephrocalcinosis and urolithiasis in children.

• Assimos D.
• The Journal of urology.J Urol.2012 May;187(5):1853. Epub 2012 Mar 17.
• PMID 22494761

Japanese Journal

• 臨床研究・症例報告 急性腎不全を発症し,多発性石灰化とIgA沈着を認めた頻回再発ネフローゼ症候群の1例

• 和合 正邦,郷田 聡,下岡 武史 [他]
• 小児科臨床 64(10), 2187-2194, 2011-10
• NAID 40018991976

• A novel compound heterozygous ROMK mutation presenting as late onset Bartter syndrome associated with nephrocalcinosis and elevated 1,25(OH)_2 vitamin D levels

• SHARMA Amita,LINSHAW Micheal A.
• Clinical and experimental nephrology 15(4), 572-576, 2011-08-01
• NAID 10029571982

Related Links

• Nephrocalcinosis - Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support ...

Nephrocalcinosis is characterized by the deposition of calcium in the kidney parenchyma and tubules. Nephrocalcinosis may cause acute or chronic kidney injury, or be incidentally detected radiographically in a patient with normal ...

• Nephrocalcinosis: Practice Essentials, Background ...

Nephrocalcinosis is a condition in which calcium levels in the kidneys are increased. This increase can be detected (usually as an incidental finding) through a radiologic examination or via microscopic examination of the ...

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nephrocalcinosis, renal calcification

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nephrocalcinosis

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