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shaped like a boat (同)scaphoid

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/09/15 20:40:11」(JST)

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The navicular bone /nəˈvɪkjᵿlər/ is a small bone found in the feet of most mammals.

Human anatomy

The navicular bone in humans is one of the tarsal bones, found in the foot. Its name derives from the human bone's resemblance to a small boat, caused by the strongly concave proximal articular surface. The term navicular bone or hand navicular bone was formerly used for the scaphoid bone,^[1] one of the carpal bones of the wrist.

The navicular bone in humans is located on the medial side of the foot, and articulates proximally with the talus, distally with the three cuneiform bones, and laterally with the cuboid.

It is the last of the foot bones to start ossification and does not tend to do so until the end of the third year in girls and the beginning of the fourth year in boys, although a large range of variation has been reported.^[2]

Navicular bone. Superior view.

Navicular bone. Inferior view.

Fracture of the navicular bone

The tibialis posterior is the only muscle that attaches to the navicular bone. The main portion of the muscle inserts into the tuberosity of the navicular bone.^[3] An accessory navicular bone may be present in 2–14% of the general population.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Clinical significance

The human navicular is not a commonly broken bone.

Horse anatomy

The horse has a sesamoid bone called the navicular bone, located within the hoof, that lies on the palmar aspect of the coffin joint between the second phalanx and third phalanx (coffin bone). The navicular bone in the horse is supported by the distal sesamoidean impar ligament and two collateral sesamoidean ligaments. The navicular bursa is located between the flexor surface of the navicular bone and the deep digital flexor tendon, which runs between the bursa and the distal phalanx. ^[7] The central tarsal bone in the hock of the horse is homologous and analogous to the navicular bone of the human foot, and thus the navicular bone in the horse is a different structure from the eponymously labeled bone in humans.^[8]

The navicular region is an important structure in relation to lameness, particularly in the front feet, and is involved with a significant disease process called navicular disease or navicular syndrome. Recently much of the original literature concerning navicular disease has been called into question, particularly the significance of radiographic changes as a sole diagnostic criterion.^[9] Navicular syndrome may be responsible for as much as 1/3 of all cases of lameness in horses, but radiographic changes in the navicular bone do not always provide a definitive diagnosis. Newer imaging techniques have shown that damage to the soft tissues in the region may be significant contributors to lameness and that multiple causes may result in visible lameness.^[7]

Notes

^ "Gray's Anatomy, 6b. The Hand. 1. The Carpus. 4". 1918. Retrieved December 2009. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
^ Louise Scheuer & Sue Black (2004). The Juvenile Skeleton.
^ Bojsen-Møller, Finn; Simonsen, Erik B.; Tranum-Jensen, Jørgen (2001). Bevægeapparatets anatomi [Anatomy of the Locomotive Apparatus] (in Danish) (12th ed.). p. 293. ISBN 978-87-628-0307-7.
^ http://footandankle.mdmercy.com/conditions/flatfeet/navicular.html
^ http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/accessory_navicular
^ http://www.macrorad.com/case-reports/symptomatic-accessory-navicular-bone.html
^ ^a ^b R. Wayne Waguespack, DVM, MS, DACVS R. Reid Hanson, DVM, DACVS, DACVECC (December 2010). "Navicular Syndrome in Equine Patients: Anatomy, Causes, and Diagnosis" (PDF). Surgical Views. Auburn University. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
^ Chapter 32, FRACTURE AND LUXATION OF THE TARSUS AND METATARSUS "Textbook of Small Animal Orthopaedics" written by Charles D. Newton, D.V.M., M.S. and David M. Nunamaker, V.M.D. J.B. Lippincott Company, 1985.
^ Citing Clinical Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Manual for Veterinary Technicians, Colville, Thomas and Bassert, Joanna M. 2008 Publ. Mosby/Elsevier, Canada. "Navicular Bone - The distal sesamoid bone of the horse. The navicular bone is located deep in the hoof behind the joint between the middle and distal phalanges."

External links

3D printable navicular bone model, free download in STL format (Embodi3D.com)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児における足骨折（中足骨または指節骨を除く） foot fractures other than metatarsal or phalangeal in children
2. 舟状骨骨折 scaphoid fractures
3. 小児または思春期のアスリートにおける足首痛の臨床的特徴およびマネージメント clinical features and management of ankle pain in the child or adolescent athlete
4. 小児または思春期のアスリートにおける足部痛の臨床的特徴およびマネージメント clinical features and management of foot pain in the child or adolescent athlete
5. 下肢ランニング障害の概要 overview of running injuries of the lower extremity

English Journal

A novel multiple joint dislocation syndrome associated with a homozygous nonsense variant in the EXOC6B gene.

Girisha KM1, Kortüm F2, Shah H3, Alawi M4,5,6, Dalal A7, Bhavani GS1, Kutsche K2.
European journal of human genetics : EJHG.Eur J Hum Genet.2015 Dec 16. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.261. [Epub ahead of print]
We report two brothers from a consanguineous couple with spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD), multiple joint dislocations at birth, severe joint laxity, scoliosis, gracile metacarpals and metatarsals, delayed bone age and poorly ossified carpal and tarsal bones, probably representing a yet uncha
PMID 26669664

Long-term Results After Extensive Soft Tissue Release in Very Severe Congenital Clubfeet.

Alkar F1, Louahem D, Bonnet F, Patte K, Delpont M, Cottalorda J.
Journal of pediatric orthopedics.J Pediatr Orthop.2015 Dec 2. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term results, at an average follow-up of 22 years, in 66 patients (105 clubfeet) with very severe congenital idiopathic clubfeet according to the Dimeglio-Bensahel scale.METHODS: Patients were treated with an extensive soft tissue relea
PMID 26633817

Ex Vivo Assessment of an Ultrasound-Guided Injection Technique of the Navicular Bursa in the Horse.

Perrin R1, Diguet AC2, Cantet P1, Bailly C1, Brogniez L1, Dugdale A3, Nisolle JF4, Vandeweerd JM2.
Anatomia, histologia, embryologia.Anat Histol Embryol.2015 Dec 1. doi: 10.1111/ahe.12220. [Epub ahead of print]
Synovitis of the navicular bursa is common in performance horses. The objective of this study was to describe an ultrasound-guided technique to inject a distended navicular bursa and to evaluate its feasibility for use by a clinician not trained in the technique. Twenty distal limbs of horses of var
PMID 26620874

Japanese Journal

論究小児足部における舟状骨二次骨化の特徴 : 足部疾患症例を中心に

整形・災害外科 59(12), 1655-1658, 2016-11
NAID 40020998579

The effects of hip external rotator exercises and toe-spread exercises on lower extremity muscle activities during stair-walking in subjects with pronated foot

Journal of Physical Therapy Science 28(3), 816-819, 2016
NAID 130005141152

The effects of gluteus maximus and abductor hallucis strengthening exercises for four weeks on navicular drop and lower extremity muscle activity during gait with flatfoot

Journal of Physical Therapy Science 28(3), 911-915, 2016
NAID 130005141151

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「舟状骨」「scaphoid bone」

「舟状骨」

Navicular bone
	The left navicular. Antero-lateral view
	The left navicular. Postero-medial view.
Details
Identifiers
Latin	os naviculare
TA	A02.5.12.001
FMA	24499
	Anatomical terms of bone [edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

手の舟状骨

英: scaphoid, scaphoid bone, navicular bone of hand
ラ: os scaphoideum
関: 手根骨

Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.

手根の近位列の最大の骨で、内側で月状骨と関節し、近位側では橈骨との間で、遠位側では有頭骨、大菱形骨、小菱形骨との間で関節をつくる。

足の舟状骨

英: navicular (M), navicular bone
ラ: os naviculare
関: 足根骨、足関節