napkin

WordNet

a small piece of table linen that is used to wipe the mouth and to cover the lap in order to protect clothing (同)table napkin, serviette
a disposable absorbent pad (trade name Kotex); worn to absorb menstrual flow (同)sanitary_towel, Kotex
a circular band used to hold a particular persons napkin
a large napkin used when dinner is served
a small napkin used when tea is served

PrepTutorEJDIC

(また『table』『napkin』)『ナプキン』 / 《英》=diaper

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2019/07/14 21:22:18」(JST)

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A rolled napkin in a napkin ring

A napkin, serviette or face towelette is a rectangle of cloth used at the table for wiping the mouth and fingers while eating. It is usually small and folded, sometimes in intricate designs and shapes. The word comes from Middle English, borrowing the French nappe—a cloth covering for a table—and adding -kin, the diminutive suffix.

Terminology

"Serviette" can be heard in the United Kingdom, Ireland, some parts of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Kenya and South Africa. In Australia and New Zealand, "serviette" generally refers to the paper variety and "napkin" refers to the cloth variety. The same distinction is used in Canada although "paper napkin" may be used interchangeably with "serviette".

In the UK, the term "napkin" is traditionally "U" (upper-class) and "serviette" is "non-U".

Description and history

A folded napkin

Conventionally, the napkin is often folded and placed to the left of the place setting, outside the outermost fork. In a restaurant setting or a caterer's hall, it may be folded into more elaborate shapes and displayed on the empty plate. Origami techniques can be used to create a three-dimensional design. A napkin may also be held together in a bundle with cutlery by a napkin ring. Alternatively, paper napkins may be contained with a napkin holder.

Napkins were used in ancient Roman times. One of the earliest references to table napkins in English dates to 1384–85.^[1]

Summaries of napkin history often say that the ancient Greeks used bread to wipe their hands. This is suggested by a passage in one of Alciphron's letters (3:44), and some remarks by the sausage seller in Aristophanes' play, The Knights.^[2] The bread in both texts is referred to as apomagdalia, which simply means bread from inside the crust known as the crumb, and not special "napkin bread".^[3] The use of paper napkins is documented in ancient China, where paper was invented in the 2nd century BC.^[4] Paper napkins were known as chih pha, folded in squares, and used for the serving of tea. Textual evidence of paper napkins appears in a description of the possessions of the Yu family, from the city of Hangzhou.^[5]

References

^ Oxford English Dictionary
^ Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, 1898
^ Liddell and Scott, Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon, 1889
^ Tsien, Tsuen-Hsuin (1985). "Paper and Printing". Joseph Needham, Science and Civilisation in China, Chemistry and Chemical Technology. 5 part 1. Cambridge University Press: 38.
^ Joseph Needham (1985). Science and Civilisation in China: Paper and Printing. Cambridge University Press. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-521-08690-5. At this time, tea was served from baskets made of rushes which held tea cups with paper napkins (chih pha).

External links

Napkin Folding Tutorials, a huge collection of step by step video tutorials on how to fold napkins
Serviettes and How to Fold Them, a guide to folding napkins from 1890.

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English Journal

Advanced analyses of computed tomography coronary angiography can help discriminate ischemic lesions.

Zhang JM1, Shuang D2, Baskaran L3, Wu W4, Teo SK5, Huang W6, Gobeawan L5, Allen JC7, Tan RS1, Su X2, Ismail NB3, Wan M4, Su B3, Zou H3, Low R3, Zhao X3, Chi Y6, Zhou J6, Su Y5, Lomarda AM3, Chin CY3, Fam JM3, Keng FYJ1, Wong ASL1, Tan JWC1, Yeo KK1, Wong PEH1, Chin CT1, Ho KW1, Yap J3, Kassab GS8, Chua T1, Koh TH1, Tan SY1, Lim ST9, Zhong L10.
International journal of cardiology.Int J Cardiol.2018 Sep 15;267:208-214. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.04.020. Epub 2018 Apr 26.
PMID 29685695

Association of Serum Lipid Profile With Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography-derived Morphologic and Functional Quantitative Plaque Markers.

Baumann S1,2, Kryeziu P1,2, Tesche C3,4, Shuler DC3, Becher T1,2, Rutsch M1,2, Behnes M1,2, Stach K1,2, Jacobs BE3, Renker M5, Henzler T6, Haubenreisser H6, Schoenberg SO6, Weiss C7, Borggrefe M1,2, Schwemmer C8, Schoepf UJ3, Akin I1,2, Lossnitzer D1,2.
Journal of thoracic imaging.J Thorac Imaging.2018 Aug 23. doi: 10.1097/RTI.0000000000000356. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 30142137

Coronary plaque characteristics on baseline CT predict the need for late revascularization in symptomatic patients after percutaneous intervention.

Yu M1, Lu Z2, Li W1, Wei M2, Yan J3, Zhang J4.
European radiology.Eur Radiol.2018 Aug;28(8):3441-3453. doi: 10.1007/s00330-018-5320-7. Epub 2018 Feb 15.
PMID 29450719

Childhood psoriasis: a survey among pediatricians in Italy.

Toscano P1, Chiodini P2, Ametrano O3, Moscarella E4.
Giornale italiano di dermatologia e venereologia : organo ufficiale, Societa italiana di dermatologia e sifilografia.G Ital Dermatol Venereol.2018 Aug;153(4):473-476. doi: 10.23736/S0392-0488.16.05469-9. Epub 2016 Oct 5.
PMID 27706115

Japanese Journal

インドネシアの女子中学生にみる月経対処/管理の実態と「正しい知識」:―学校教育とイスラーム規範に着目して―

小國和子
国際開発研究 28(2), 51-65, 2019
… for instance, no student was ready to throw a stained napkin away without washing it until the blood faded away. …
NAID 130007786527

乳児脂漏性皮膚炎・新生児痤瘡・汗疹・オムツ皮膚炎 (特集これ1冊!こども皮膚病 : 診断と治療)

小林里実
デルマ (271), 1-7, 2018-06
NAID 40021607112

女子大学生の月経と生理用品の現状および月経用布ナプキン使用体験による月経の捉え方の変化

德中(渡邉) 佳子,山田玲子,岡田忠雄
日本養護教諭教育学会誌 = Journal of Japanese Association of Yogo Teacher Education 21(2), 73-81, 2018-03
NAID 40021542170

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[1] Oxford English Dictionary

[2] Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, 1898

[3] Liddell and Scott, Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon, 1889

[Tsien-4] Tsien, Tsuen-Hsuin (1985). "Paper and Printing". Joseph Needham, Science and Civilisation in China, Chemistry and Chemical Technology. 5 part 1. Cambridge University Press: 38.

[Paper_and_Printing-5] Joseph Needham (1985). Science and Civilisation in China: Paper and Printing. Cambridge University Press. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-521-08690-5. At this time, tea was served from baskets made of rushes which held tea cups with paper napkins (chih pha).

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Financial	Banknote Business card Visiting card Coupon Pay card Passbook
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Media	Book Newspaper Newsprint Pamphlet
Recreation	Confetti Paper craft Paper toys Playing card Quilling
Other	Beverage coaster Filter paper Form Sandpaper Security paper

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