WordNet
- an extreme state of adversity; the lowest point of anything (同)low-water_mark
- the point below the observer that is directly opposite the zenith on the imaginary sphere against which celestial bodies appear to be projected
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈U〉《the~》天底(天体の1点から鉛直に下ろした地上の点) / 〈C〉《単数形で》最下点;どん底
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2012/11/20 06:20:35」(JST)
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For other uses, see Nadir (disambiguation).
Diagram showing the relationship between the zenith, the nadir, and different types of horizon. The nadir is opposite the zenith.
The nadir (from Arabic: نظير / ALA-LC: naẓīr; meaning "opposite") is the direction pointing directly below a particular location; that is, it is one of two vertical directions at a specified location, orthogonal to a horizontal flat surface there. Since the concept of being below is itself somewhat vague, scientists define the nadir in more rigorous terms. Specifically, in astronomy, geophysics and related sciences (e.g., meteorology), the nadir at a given point is the local vertical direction pointing in the direction of the force of gravity at that location. The direction opposite of the nadir is the zenith.
Nadir also refers to the downward-facing viewing geometry of an orbiting satellite,[1] such as is employed during remote sensing of the atmosphere, as well as when an astronaut faces the Earth while performing an EVA.
This diagram depicts a satellite observing backscattered sunlight in the nadir viewing geometry.
The word is also used figuratively to mean the lowest point of a person's spirits,[2] or the quality of an activity or profession.[3]
The term nadir can also be used to represent the lowest point reached by a celestial body during its apparent orbit around a given point of observation. This can be used to describe the location of the Sun, but it is only technically accurate for one latitude at a time and only possible at the low latitudes. The sun is said to be at the nadir at a location when it is at the zenith at the location's antipode.
In western medicine, the term nadir is used to represent the lowest level of a blood cell count while a patient is undergoing chemotherapy.[4] A diagnosis of neutropenic nadir postchemotherapy typically lasts 7–10 days.[5]
See also
References
- ^ McLaughlin, Richard J.; Warr, William H. (2001). "The Common Berthing Mechanism (CBM) for International Space Station". Society of Automotive Engineers. http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu/design_lib/ICES01-2435.ISS_CBM.pdf. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. 1911. p. 149. http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/MOS_NAN/NADIR_Arabic_nadir_opposite_to_.html. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
- ^ Turner, Janice (December 1, 2007). "The lowest point in British journalism". The Times. Archived from the original on September 5, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080905234436/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/janice_turner/article2980262.ece. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
- ^ "Bone marrow suppression". Chemotherapy Principles: An In-depth Discussion. American Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/TreatmentTypes/Chemotherapy/ChemotherapyPrinciplesAnIn-depthDiscussionoftheTechniquesanditsRoleinTreatment/chemotherapy-principles-chemo-side-effects-bone-marrow-suppression. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
- ^ Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas; Skapik, Julia (2007). First Aid For The USMLE Step 2 CK (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. p. 479. ISBN 9780071487955. http://books.google.ca/books?id=ppEG-KuGMdoC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA479#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
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English Journal
- Association between HIV infection and bone mineral density in climacteric women.
- Gomes DC1, Valadares AL1,2, Amaral E1, de Oliveira Ferreira N1, Pinto-Neto AM1, Baccaro LF3,4, Costa-Paiva L1.
- Archives of osteoporosis.Arch Osteoporos.2015 Dec;10(1):33. doi: 10.1007/s11657-015-0238-z. Epub 2015 Sep 29.
- A cross-sectional study was conducted with the purpose of evaluating bone mineral density in HIV seropositive and seronegative climacteric women. HIV infection was negatively associated with bone mineral density in the lumbar spinePURPOSE: To assess bone mineral density (BMD) and its associated fact
- PMID 26420601
- Diurnal gene expression of lipolytic natriuretic peptide receptors in white adipose tissue.
- Smith J1, Fahrenkrug J1, Jørgensen HL1, Christoffersen C2, Goetze JP3.
- Endocrine connections.Endocr Connect.2015 Dec;4(4):206-14. doi: 10.1530/EC-15-0074. Epub 2015 Aug 18.
- Disruption of the circadian rhythm can lead to obesity and cardiovascular disease. In white adipose tissue, activation of the natriuretic peptide receptors (NPRs) stimulates lipolysis. We have previously shown that natriuretic peptides are expressed in a circadian manner in the heart, but the tempor
- PMID 26286623
- The natural history of guidelines: The case of aortopathy related to bicuspid aortic valves.
- Hardikar AA1, Marwick TH2.
- International journal of cardiology.Int J Cardiol.2015 Nov 15;199:150-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.06.059. Epub 2015 Jun 25.
- Clinical guidelines represent statements that seek to synthesize the best evidence to guide a course of action to improve health outcomes and more cost-effective use of resources. However, even when the evidence is not definitive, comprehensive documents are still needed to guide clinical decision-m
- PMID 26197400
- Citrulline as a Biomarker in the Non-human Primate Total- and Partial-body Irradiation Models: Correlation of Circulating Citrulline to Acute and Prolonged Gastrointestinal Injury.
- Jones JW1, Bennett A, Carter CL, Tudor G, Hankey KG, Farese AM, Booth C, MacVittie TJ, Kane MA.
- Health physics.Health Phys.2015 Nov;109(5):440-51. doi: 10.1097/HP.0000000000000347.
- The use of plasma citrulline as a biomarker for acute and prolonged gastrointestinal injury via exposure to total- and partial-body irradiation (6 MV LINAC-derived photons; 0.80 Gy min) in nonhuman primate models was investigated. The irradiation exposure covered gastrointestinal injuries spanning l
- PMID 26425904
Japanese Journal
- An Improved Nadir Echo Allocation Scheme for Synthetic Aperture Radar (宇宙・航行エレクトロニクス) -- (宇宙応用シンポジウム)
- Pyne Budhaditya,Ravindra Vinay,Saito Hirobumi
- 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報 115(91), 21-25, 2015-06-18
- NAID 40020522982
- 咬合力と下顎骨臼歯部の形態との関係 : 歯科用コーンビームCTを用いて
- 護邦 英俊,四井 資隆,陳 以文 [他],松本 尚之
- 歯科医学 78(1), 1-6, 2015-03-25
- 咀嚼機能は下顎骨のリモデリングに影響を及ぼすと考えられている.すなわち,咬合力は歯から直接応力がかかる下顎骨臼歯部の形態に影響をもたらしていると考えられる.そこで,咬合力と下顎骨臼歯部の断面形態がどのように影響しているか検討した.被験者は欠損歯がなく,矯正治療の既往がない個性正常咬合を有する成人男性20名とした.咬合力は咬合感圧フィルムを咬合させ,収合力測定器を用いて測定し,下顎骨臼歯部の形態は歯 …
- NAID 110009919208
- M.アーノルド「自由主義の天底」及び日本統治機構の特質と矛盾(1)
- Association of the Plasma Platelet-Derived Microparticles to Platelet Count Ratio with Hospital Mortality and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy in Critically Ill Patients
- Ohuchi Masatsugu,Fujino Kazunori,Kishimoto Takuma,Yamane Tetsunobu,Hamamoto Tetsu,Tabata Takahisa,Tsujita Yasuyuki,Matsushita Mikiko,Takahashi Kan,Matsumura Kazuhiro,Eguchi Yutaka
- Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 22(8), 773-782, 2015
- … We calculated the maximum (max) PDMP value, max PDMP/platelet (PDMP/Plts) ratio (converted to the PDMP levels per 104 platelets) and nadir platelet count during the ICU stay. … There was a weak but statistically significant negative correlation between the max PDMP level and nadir platelet count (r=-0.332, p<0.001). …
- NAID 130005095009
Related Links
- nadirの意味は?英和辞書。goo辞書は無料で使える日本最大級の辞書サービスです。
- For other uses, see Nadir (disambiguation). Diagram showing the relationship between the zenith, the nadir, and different types of horizon. The nadir is opposite the zenith. The nadir (from Arabic: نظير / ALA-LC: naẓīr; meaning "opposite") is ...
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