関: neuronal nitric oxide synthase、neuronal NO synthase、neuronal NOS

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/02 20:04:32」(JST)

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Nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal), also known as NOS1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOS1 gene.^[1]^[2]

Function

Nitric oxide (NO) is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body. In the brain and peripheral nervous system, NO displays many properties of a neurotransmitter and may be involved in long term potentiation. It is implicated in neurotoxicity associated with stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, neural regulation of smooth muscle, including peristalsis, and penile erection. NO is also responsible for endothelium-derived relaxing factor activity regulating blood pressure. In macrophages, NO mediates tumoricidal and bactericidal actions, as indicated by the fact that inhibitors of NO synthase (NOS) block these effects. Neuronal NOS and macrophage NOS are distinct isoforms.^[3] Both the neuronal and the macrophage forms are unusual among oxidative enzymes in requiring several electron donors: FAD, flavin mononucleotide (FMN), NADPH, and tetrahydrobiopterin.^[4]

Clinical significance

It has been implicated in asthma,^[5]^[6] schizophrenia^[7]^[8] and restless leg syndrome.^[9] It has also been investigated with respect to bipolar disorder ^[10] and air pollution exposure.^[11]

Interactions

NOS1 has been shown to interact with DLG4^[12]^[13] and NOS1AP.^[12]

References

^ Kishimoto J, Spurr N, Liao M, Lizhi L, Emson P, Xu W (November 1992). "Localization of brain nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to human chromosome 12". Genomics 14 (3): 802–4. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80192-2. PMID 1385308.
^ Geller DA, Lowenstein CJ, Shapiro RA, Nussler AK, Di Silvio M, Wang SC, Nakayama DK, Simmons RL, Snyder SH, Billiar TR (April 1993). "Molecular cloning and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase from human hepatocytes". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (8): 3491–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.8.3491. PMC 46326. PMID 7682706.
^ Lowenstein CJ, Glatt CS, Bredt DS, Snyder SH (August 1992). "Cloned and expressed macrophage nitric oxide synthase contrasts with the brain enzyme". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (15): 6711–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.15.6711. PMC 49573. PMID 1379716.
^ "Entrez Gene: NOS1 Nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal)".
^ Grasemann H, Yandava CN, Drazen JM (December 1999). "Neuronal NO synthase (NOS1) is a major candidate gene for asthma". Clin. Exp. Allergy. 29. 29 Suppl 4: 39–41. PMID 10641565.
^ Leung TF, Liu EK, Tang NL, Ko FW, Li CY, Lam CW, Wong GW (October 2005). "Nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms and asthma phenotypes in Chinese children". Clin. Exp. Allergy 35 (10): 1288–94. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02342.x. PMID 16238787.
^ Shinkai T, Ohmori O, Hori H, Nakamura J (2002). "Allelic association of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) gene with schizophrenia". Mol. Psychiatry 7 (6): 560–3. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001041. PMID 12140778.
^ Reif A, Herterich S, Strobel A, Ehlis AC, Saur D, Jacob CP, Wienker T, Töpner T, Fritzen S, Walter U, Schmitt A, Fallgatter AJ, Lesch KP (March 2006). "A neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS-I) haplotype associated with schizophrenia modifies prefrontal cortex function". Mol. Psychiatry 11 (3): 286–300. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001779. PMID 16389274.
^ Winkelmann J, Lichtner P, Schormair B, Uhr M, Hauk S, Stiasny-Kolster K, Trenkwalder C, Paulus W, Peglau I, Eisensehr I, Illig T, Wichmann HE, Pfister H, Golic J, Bettecken T, Pütz B, Holsboer F, Meitinger T, Müller-Myhsok B (February 2008). "Variants in the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS, NOS1) gene are associated with restless legs syndrome". Mov. Disord. 23 (3): 350–8. doi:10.1002/mds.21647. PMID 18058820.
^ Buttenschön HN, Mors O, Ewald H, McQuillin A, Kalsi G, Lawrence J, Gurling H, Kruse TA (January 2004). "No association between a neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) gene polymorphism on chromosome 12q24 and bipolar disorder". Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 124B (1): 73–5. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.20040. PMID 14681919.
^ Steenackers W, De Herdt E, De Boever P, Bos I, Int Panis L (2013). "Neuroinflammation induced by air pollution: gene expression analysis in laboratory animals". Master thesis, GROUP T – Leuven Engineering College.
^ ^a ^b Jaffrey SR, Snowman AM, Eliasson MJ, Cohen NA, Snyder SH (January 1998). "CAPON: a protein associated with neuronal nitric oxide synthase that regulates its interactions with PSD95". Neuron 20 (1): 115–24. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80439-0. PMID 9459447.
^ Brenman JE, Chao DS, Gee SH, McGee AW, Craven SE, Santillano DR, Wu Z, Huang F, Xia H, Peters MF, Froehner SC, Bredt DS (March 1996). "Interaction of nitric oxide synthase with the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95 and alpha1-syntrophin mediated by PDZ domains". Cell 84 (5): 757–67. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81053-3. PMID 8625413.

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English Journal

Intracallosal neuronal nitric oxide synthase neurons colocalize with neurokinin 1 substance P receptor in the rat.

Barbaresi P1, Mensà E, Lariccia V, Desiato G, Fabri M, Gratteri S.
The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2015 Mar 1;523(4):589-607. doi: 10.1002/cne.23695. Epub 2014 Nov 18.
The corpus callosum (cc) contains nitric oxide (NO)-producing neurons. Because NO is a potent vasodilator, these neurons could translate neuronal signals into vascular responses that can be detected by functional brain imaging. Substance P (SP), one of the most widely expressed peptides in the CNS,
PMID 25312245

Development of non-catecholaminergic sympathetic neurons in para- and prevertebral ganglia of cats.

Masliukov PM1, Emanuilov AI2, Moiseev K2, Nozdrachev AD3, Dobrotvorskaya S4, Timmermans JP5.
International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience.Int J Dev Neurosci.2015 Feb;40:76-84. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.12.004. Epub 2014 Dec 6.
Expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the sympathetic ganglia was investigated by immunohistochemistry in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG), stellate ganglion (SG) an
PMID 25490547

Colocalization of cannabinoid receptor 1 with somatostatin and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in rat brain hypothalamus.

Zou S1, Somvanshi RK, Paik S, Kumar U.
Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN.J Mol Neurosci.2015 Feb;55(2):480-91. doi: 10.1007/s12031-014-0369-5. Epub 2014 Jul 8.
Despite several overlapping functions of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1 receptor), somatostatin (SST), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the hypothalamus, nothing is currently known whether CB1 receptor-positive neurons coexpress SST and nNOS. In the present study, we describe the colocaliza
PMID 25001005

Japanese Journal

Histological study of the elongated esophagus in a rat model

Journal of Surgical Research 195(2), 495-501, 2015-05-15
NAID 120005656407

Characterization of Perivascular Nerve Distribution in Rat Mesenteric Small Arteries

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 38(11), 1757-1764, 2015
NAID 130005106376

Localization of Nitric Oxide Synthase-containing Neurons in the Bat Visual Cortex and Co-localization with Calcium-binding Proteins

ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA 48(4), 125-133, 2015
NAID 130005095244

「神経型一酸化窒素合成酵素」

Nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal)
	Rendering of 1b8q
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	4D1N, 4UCH, 4V3U
Identifiers
Symbols	NOS1 ; IHPS1; N-NOS; NC-NOS; NOS; bNOS; nNOS
External IDs	OMIM: 163731 MGI: 97360 HomoloGene: 37327 ChEMBL: 3568 GeneCards: NOS1 Gene
EC number	1.14.13.39
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• NADPH-hemoprotein reductase activity; • nitric-oxide synthase activity; • iron ion binding; • protein binding; • calmodulin binding; • FMN binding; • sodium channel regulator activity; • enzyme binding; • heme binding; • tetrahydrobiopterin binding; • arginine binding; • protein homodimerization activity; • ion channel binding; • cadmium ion binding; • flavin adenine dinucleotide binding; • NADP binding; • scaffold protein binding;
Cellular component	• photoreceptor inner segment; • cytoplasm; • mitochondrion; • mitochondrial outer membrane; • cytosol; • cytoskeleton; • caveola; • vesicle membrane; • postsynaptic density; • sarcoplasmic reticulum; • Z disc; • T-tubule; • nuclear membrane; • sarcolemma; • azurophil granule; • dendritic spine; • protein complex; • membrane raft; • synapse; • perinuclear region of cytoplasm; • ryanodine receptor complex;
Biological process	• response to hypoxia; • regulation of sodium ion transport; • arginine catabolic process; • nitric oxide biosynthetic process; • muscle contraction; • striated muscle contraction; • nitric oxide mediated signal transduction; • myoblast fusion; • female pregnancy; • aging; • blood coagulation; • negative regulation of cell proliferation; • response to heat; • response to lead ion; • negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol; • response to activity; • peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation; • positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity; • response to lipopolysaccharide; • response to vitamin E; • multicellular organismal response to stress; • positive regulation of histone acetylation; • response to nicotine; • neurotransmitter biosynthetic process; • exogenous drug catabolic process; • negative regulation of apoptotic process; • negative regulation of potassium ion transport; • response to peptide hormone; • response to estrogen; • response to ethanol; • negative regulation of blood pressure; • negative regulation of heart contraction; • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; • negative regulation of vasoconstriction; • positive regulation of vasodilation; • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; • negative regulation of insulin secretion; • behavioral response to cocaine; • regulation of neurogenesis; • negative regulation of hydrolase activity; • negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration; • negative regulation of serotonin uptake; • interaction with host; • negative regulation of calcium ion transport; • regulation of sensory perception of pain; • oxidation-reduction process; • regulation of cardiac muscle contraction; • regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity; • cellular response to mechanical stimulus; • cellular response to growth factor stimulus; • response to nitric oxide; • phagosome maturation; • positive regulation of the force of heart contraction; • positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation; • negative regulation of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process; • positive regulation of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process; • positive regulation of neuron death; • positive regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport; • regulation of generation of L-type calcium current;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
	v; t; e;