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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2010) |
For other uses, see Homeland (disambiguation).
- "Native land" redirects here. See also: Indigenous land rights.
The Motherland by William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1883), a view of the home country as a benign mother
A homeland (rel. country of origin and native land) is the concept of the place (cultural geography) to which an ethnic group holds a long history and a deep cultural association with —the country in which a particular national identity began. As a common noun, it simply connotes the country of one's origin. When used as a proper noun, the word, as well as its equivalents in other languages often have ethnic nationalist connotations. A homeland may also be referred to as a fatherland, a motherland, or a mother country, depending on the culture and language of the nationality in question.
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Contents
- 1 Motherland
- 2 Fatherland
- 3 Various connotations
- 4 See also
- 5 References
- 6 Further reading
- 7 External links
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Motherland
Africa is often called "the motherland;" the probable, but not confirmed birthplace of the human race. It's also likely that the continent is where our uniquely human habit of making music was born. From the living traditions of the Pygmies to the archeological record of Ancient Egypt and its neighboring kingdoms, music has played a key role in African civilization from its very birth. Musically, Africa can be divided in 5 regions: North Africa, West Africa, Central Africa, East Africa and Southern Africa. These areas all share common histories and cultural traits that bind them into coherent musical regions—but also allow for an amazing number of styles and variations within each region. Source(s): http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com…
Fatherland
See also: Fatherland and Fatherland (disambiguation)
Fatherland is the nation of one's "fathers" or "forefathers". It can be viewed as a nationalist concept, insofar as it relates to nations.
The term fatherland (Vaterland) is used throughout German-speaking Europe, as well as in Dutch. For example, "Wien Neêrlands Bloed", national anthem of the Netherlands between 1815 and 1932, makes extensive and conspicuous use of the parallel Dutch word.
Because of the use of Vaterland in German war propaganda, the term "Fatherland" in English has become associated with domestic British and American anti-Nazi propaganda during World War II.
Terms equating "Fatherland" in Germanic languages:
- Afrikaans Vaderland
- Danish fædreland
- Dutch vaderland
- Frisian heitelân
- German Vaterland
- Icelandic föðurland
- Norwegian fedreland
- Swedish fäderneslandet (besides the more common fosterlandet)
A corresponding term is sometimes used in Slavic languages, in Serbian is otadžbina or отаџбина in Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, Macedonian татковина (tatkovina), Bulgarian татковина (tatkovina) as well as otechestvo, Czech otčina (although the normal Czech term for "homeland" is vlast), in Polish ojczyzna (besides macierz "motherland"), Russian otechestvo (отечество) or otchizna (отчизна) (although rodina "motherland" is more common).
In Latin America a common way to refer to one's country is Patria which has the same connotation as Fatherland, that is, the nation of our parents/fathers (in Spanish Padres or Papas). Curiously, Spain is usually referred to as la Madre Patria (the Motherland of our forefathers).
Various connotations
- The Soviet Union created homelands for some minorities in the 1920s, including the Volga German ASSR and the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. In the case of the Volga German ASSR, these homelands were later abolished and their inhabitants deported to either Siberia or the Kazakh SSR. In the case of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast this was not necessary, since it had been created from the start at the far-Eastern end of Siberia, where no Jew had ever lived.
- In the United States, the Department of Homeland Security was created soon after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, as a means to centralize response to various threats. In a June 2002 column, Republican consultant and speechwriter Peggy Noonan expressed the hope that the Bush administration would change the name of the department, writing that, "The name Homeland Security grates on a lot of people, understandably. Homeland isn't really an American word, it's not something we used to say or say now".[1]
- In the apartheid era in South Africa, the concept was given a different meaning. The white government had designated approximately 13% of its territory for black tribal settlement. Whites and other non-blacks were restricted from owning land or settling in those areas. After 1948 they were gradually granted an increasing level of "home-rule". From 1976 several of these regions were granted independence. Four of them were declared independent nations by South Africa, but were unrecognized as independent countries by any other nation besides each other and South Africa. The territories set aside for the African inhabitants were also known as bantustans.
- In Australia, the term refers to relatively small Aboriginal settlements (referred to also as 'Outstations') where people with close kinship ties share lands significant to them for cultural reasons. Many such homelands are found across Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland. The 'homeland movement' gained momentum in the 1970s. It is estimated that homeland numbers range around 500 to 700, with not all homelands being permanently occupied owing to seasonal or cultural reasons.[2]
- In Turkish homeland, especially in the patriotic sense is "ana yurt" (motherland) while "baba ocağı" (father's home) is used for one's hometown and practically means the house of one's parents where s/he grew up. (Note: The Turkish word "ocak" has the double meaning of home and fireplace, like the Spanish "hogar".)
See also
- Diaspora politics
- Homeland security
- Mother tongue
- Separatism
- Secession
References
- ^ Noonan, Peggy (June 14, 2002). OpinionJournal - Peggy Noonan. http://www.opinionjournal.com/columnists/pnoonan/?id=110001838. Retrieved 2007-09-08.
- ^ The Encyclopedia of Aboriginal Australia. 1994.
Further reading
- Landscape and Memory by Simon Schama (Random House, 1995)
External links
- Nationalism and Ethnicity - A Theoretical Overview
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Indigenous rights
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| Rights |
- Conflict resolution
- Cultural diversity
- Cultural heritage
- Freedom from forced assimilation
- Freedom from forced removal
- Freedom from racial discrimination
- Freedom of religion
- Gender equality
- Human rights
- Indigenous intellectual property
- Indigenous language
- Land rights
- Land-use planning
- Right to determine indigeneity
- Self-determination
- Traditional knowledge
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Governmental
organizations |
- Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada
- African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
- Arctic Council
- Bureau of Indian Affairs
- Council of Indigenous Peoples
- Fundação Nacional do Índio
- National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples
- National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (Philippines)
- United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
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Non-governmental and
political organizations |
- Amazon Watch
- Assembly of First Nations
- Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador
- Congress of Aboriginal Peoples
- Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin
- Cultural Survival
- Friends of Peoples Close to Nature
- Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism
- International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
- National Indigenous Organization of Colombia
- Native American Rights Fund
- Survival International
- Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
- Zapatista Army of National Liberation
- (more ...)
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| Issues |
- Lands inhabited by indigenous peoples (Bantustan / Indian reservation / Indian reserve / Ranchería)
- Civilizing mission
- Colonialism
- Cultural genocide
- Manifest destiny
- Postdevelopment theory
- Settler colonialism
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| Legal representation |
- Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989
- Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 2007
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| Historical cases |
- 2009 Peruvian political crisis
- Chiapas conflict
- Depopulation of Diego Garcia
- High Arctic relocation
- Indian removal
- Mapuche conflict
- Oka Crisis
- Rubber boom
- San controversy
- Stolen Generations
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Category
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