WordNet

play with a subtle and intuitively felt sense of rhythm
a state of steady vigorous action that is characteristic of an activity; "the party went with a swing"; "it took time to get into the swing of things"
changing location by moving back and forth (同)swinging, vacillation
a square dance figure; a pair of dancers join hands and dance around a point between them
a sweeping blow or stroke; "he took a wild swing at my head"
mechanical device used as a plaything to support someone swinging back and forth
a style of jazz played by big bands popular in the 1930s; flowing rhythms but less complex than later styles of jazz (同)swing music, jive
be a social swinger; socialize a lot (同)get_around
move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner; "He swung back" (同)sway
make a big sweeping gesture or movement (同)sweep, swing out
influence decisively; "This action swung many votes over to his side" (同)swing over
alternate dramatically between high and low values; "his mood swings"; "the market is swinging up and down"
change direction with a swinging motion; turn; "swing back"; "swing forward"
engage freely in promiscuous sex, often with the husband or wife of ones friends; "There were many swinging couples in the 1960s"
have a certain musical rhythm; "The music has to swing"
hit or aim at with a sweeping arm movement; "The soccer player began to swing at the referee"
live in a lively, modern, and relaxed style; "The Woodstock generation attempted to swing freely"
move in a curve or arc, usually with the intent of hitting; "He swung his left fist"; "swing a bat"
verb inflections that express how the action or state is conceived by the speaker (同)mode, modality
make a low noise, characteristic of bovines (同)low
the sound made by a cow or bull

PrepTutorEJDIC

(一定の動きで)…‘を'『振る』,揺り動かす / (一点を軸にして)…‘を'『回転させる』,ぐるりと回す / 〈棒など〉‘を'『振り回す』 / …‘を'向きを変える / 〈物〉‘を'『つるす』,掛ける / 《米話》〈取引きなど〉‘を'うまく処理する,思いどおりに操る / (…から別の意見・立場などに)…‘を'変える《+from+名+to+名》 / 《副詞[句]を伴って》(一定の動きで)『揺れる』,揺れ動く;ぶらんこに乗る / (一点を軸にして)『回転する』,ぐるりと回る / (大きく弧を描くように)(…を)打つ《+at+名》 / (…の方に)向きを変える《+on(onto,to,into)+名》 / のびのびと調子よく歩く,活動的になる / 《話》(…のことで)絞首刑になる《+for+名》 / (別の意見・立場などに)変わる《+to(toward)+名(doing)》 / 《話》〈音楽が〉スイング風である(に演奏する) / 〈C〉〈U〉(一定の動きを伴う)揺れ,振動;(ある方向への)揺れ動き《+toward+名》 / 〈C〉振幅 / 〈C〉『ぶらんこ』;ぶらんこ遊び / 〈U〉《しばしば a~》リズミカルな動き(歩き方) / 〈C〉(…を)大きく振ること,打つこと《+of+名》 / 〈U〉活動の自由 / 〈U〉スイング(1930‐40年代のジャズのリズム) / 〈C〉各国・各大陸を飛び歩く
(ある時の,一時的な)『気分』,機嫌 / (会合・作品などの)『雰囲気』,ムード,(時代・国民などの)風潮,一般的な傾向《+『of』+『名』》 / 《複数形で》むら気,ふきげん
(動詞の)法,叙法
モー(牛の鳴き声) / 〈牛が〉モーと鳴く
揺れる,揺れ動く / 威勢のよい,活発な / (特に性生活が)当世風の,進んでいる

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/02 20:40:22」(JST)

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Bipolar disorder is characterized by extreme mood swings, usually between mania and depression

A mood swing is an extreme or rapid change in mood. Such mood swings can play a positive part in promoting problem solving and in producing flexible forward planning.^[1] However, when mood swings are so strong that they are disruptive, they may be the main part of a bipolar disorder.^[2]

Overview

Speed and extent

Mood swings are universal, varying from the microscopic to the wild oscillations of manic depression,^[3] so that a continuum can be traced from normal struggles around self-esteem, through cyclothymia, up to a depressive disease.^[4] However most people's mood swings remain in the mild to moderate range of emotional ups and downs.^[5]

The duration of mood swings also varies. They may last a few hours - ultrarapid - or extend over days - ultradian: clinicians maintain that only when four continuous days of hypomania, or seven days of mania, occur, is a diagnosis of bipolar disorder justified.^[6]

In such cases, mood swings can extend over several days, even weeks: these episodes may consist of rapid alternation between feelings of depression and euphoria.^[7]

Causes

Changes in a person's energy level, sleep patterns, self-esteem, concentration, drug or alcohol use can be signs of an oncoming mood disorder.^[8]

Many different things might trigger mood swings, from unhealthy diet or lifestyle to drug abuse or hormonal imbalance.

Other major causes of mood swings (besides bi-polar disorder and major depression) include diseases/disorders which interfere with nervous system function. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), epilepsy,^[9] and autism are three such examples.^[10]^[11]

The hyperactivity sometimes accompanied by inattentiveness, impulsiveness, and forgetfulness are cardinal symptoms associated with ADHD.^[12]^{[unreliable medical source?]} As a result, ADHD is known to bring about usually short-lived (though sometimes dramatic) mood swings. The communication difficulties associated with autism, and the associated changes in neurochemistry, are also known to cause autistic fits (autistic mood swings).^[13] The seizures associated with epilepsy involve changes in the brain's electrical firing, and thus may also bring about striking and dramatic mood swings.^[9] If the mood swing is not associated with a mood disorder, treatments are harder to assign. Most commonly, however, mood swings are the result of dealing with stressful and/or unexpected situations in daily life.

Degenerative diseases of the human central nervous system such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Huntington's disease may also produce mood swings.^[14]

Not eating on time can contribute, or eating too much sugar, can cause fluctuations in blood sugar, which can cause mood swings.^[15]^[16]

Brain chemistry

If a person has an abnormal level of one or several of certain neurotransmitters (NTs) in their brain, it may result in having mood swings or a mood disorder.^[17] Serotonin is one such neurotransmitter that is involved with sleep, moods, and emotional states. A slight imbalance of this NT could result in depression. Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that is involved with learning, memory, and physical arousal. Like serotonin, an imbalance of norepinephrine may also result in depression.^[18]

List of conditions known to cause mood swings

Anabolic steroid abuse
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Autism or other pervasive developmental disorder
Bipolar disorder or cyclothymia
Borderline personality disorder
Dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease
Epilepsy
Hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism
Intermittent explosive disorder
Major depression
Premenstrual syndrome
Schizoaffective disorder
Schizophrenia
Seasonal affective disorder
XXYY syndrome

Treatment

Cognitive behavioral therapy recommends using emotional dampeners to break the self-reinforcing tendencies of either manic or depressive mood swings.^[19] Exercise, treats, seeking out small (and easily attainable) triumphs, and using vicarious distractions like reading or watching TV, are among the techniques found to be regularly used by people in breaking depressive swings.^[20]

Learning to bring oneself down from grandiose states of mind, or up from exaggerated shame states, is part of taking a proactive approach to managing one's own moods and varying sense of self-esteem.^[21]

References

^ Peter Salovey et al, Emotional Intelligence (2004) p. 1974
^ "BBC Science - When does your mental health become a problem?". BBC Science. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
^ Sigmund Freud, Civilization, Society and Religion (PFL 12) p. 164
^ Otto Fenichel, The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis (1946) p. 406
^ Daniel Goleman (1995). Emotional Intelligence: Why it Can Matter More Than IQ. Bloomsbury Publishing PLC. p. 57. ISBN 978-0747528302. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
^ S, Nassir Ghaemi, Mood Disorder (2007) p. 243-4
^ Hockenbury, Don and Sandra (2011). Discovering Psychology Fifth Edition. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. p. 549. ISBN 978-1-4292-1650-0.
^ "Bipolar Mood Swings, Stabilizers, Triggers, and Mania." WebMD. WebMD, 3 May 0000. Web. 29 Feb. 2012.
^ ^a ^b "epilepsymatters.com - Home of the Canadian Epilepsy Alliance". Epilepsymatters.com. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
^ "Autism spectrum disorder". Nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
^ "Chat for Adults with HFA and Aspergers: Mood Swings in Adults on the Autism Spectrum". Adultaspergerschat.com. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
^ "Can ADHD cause mood swings?". Answers.com. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
^ Donna Williams. "Donna Williams: Autism, Puberty and Possibility of Seizures". Donnawilliams.net. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
^ Stern RA (1996). "Assessment of Mood States in Neurodegenerative Disease: Methodological Issues and Diagnostic Recommendations". Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry 1 (4): 315–324. doi:10.1053/SCNP00100315 (inactive 2015-01-08). PMID 10320434.
^ Angela Haupt. "Food and Mood: 6 Ways Your Diet Affects How You Feel". US News & World Report. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
^ "Can food affect your mood? - CNN.com". CNN. 26 November 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
^ "Neurobiology of Mood Disorders." (PDF). Turner-white.com. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
^ [1]^{[dead link]}
^ Gilbert, Paul (1999). Overcoming Depression. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-465-01508-5.
^ Goleman, pp. 73-4
^ Terence Real (1997). I Don't Want to Talk About It. Newleaf. p. 279. ISBN 978-0717127108. Retrieved 8 January 2015.

External links

Understanding mood swings

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2. 成人における双極性障害：評価および診断 bipolar disorder in adults assessment and diagnosis
3. 成人における双極性障害：維持療法の選択 bipolar disorder in adults choosing maintenance treatment
4. 境界性人格障害の治療 treatment of borderline personality disorder
5. 月経前症候群および月経前不快気分障害の治療 treatment of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder

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床上安静中の入院患者の朝の生活の構造

大橋久美子
聖路加看護学会誌 12(1), 9-17, 2008-03
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