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consisting of only one type

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/17 11:55:14」(JST)

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In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group which contains only one immediately subordinate taxon.^[1] Although the phrase appears to indicate that a taxon has a single type specimen (with no syntypes, lectotypes, or other types) and no heterotypic/junior synonyms, that is not the usage.

A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" is sometimes preferred.

In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus also refers to a special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described.^[2]

Examples

Just as the term "monotypic" is used to describe a large taxon including only one subdivision, one can also refer to the contained taxon as monotypic within the larger taxon, e.g. a genus monotypic within a family. Some examples of monotypic groups are listed below.

The family Cephalotaceae includes only one genus, Cephalotus, and only one species, Cephalotus follicularis – the Albany pitcher plant.
The aardvark (Orycteropus afer) is monotypic within the genus Orycteropus, which is monotypic within the family Orycteropodidae, which is itself monotypic within the order Tubulidentata.
The hyacinth macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) is a monotypic species; no subspecies have been distinguished within the species.
The bearded reedling (Panurus biarmicus) has a few subspecies across its range, but belongs to the genus Panurus which current knowledge considers monotypic (the only genus) within the family Panuridae.
The Cream-spotted cardinalfish (Ozichthys albimaculosus), found in tropical Australia and southern New Guinea, is the type species of the monotypic genus Ozichthys.^[3]

In Botany, monotypic is more used than monospecific with the same meaning.

References

^ Mayr E, Ashlock PD. (1991): Principles of Systematic Zoology (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-041144-1
^ McNeill, J.; Barrie, F.R.; Buck, W.R.; Demoulin, V.; Greuter, W.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Herendeen, P.S.; Knapp, S.; Marhold, K.; Prado, J.; Reine, W.F.P.h.V.; Smith, G.F.; Wiersema, J.H.; Turland, N.J. (2012). International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. Regnum Vegetabile 154. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG. ISBN 978-3-87429-425-6. articles 38.5 and 38.6
^ Fraser, T.H. (2014): A new genus of cardinalfish from tropical Australia and southern New Guinea (Percomorpha: Apogonidae). Zootaxa 3852 (2): 283–293.

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English Journal

Scorpion speciation in the Holy Land: Multilocus phylogeography corroborates diagnostic differences in morphology and burrowing behavior among Scorpio subspecies and justifies recognition as phylogenetic, ecological and biological species.

Talal S1, Tesler I2, Sivan J2, Ben-Shlomo R1, Muhammad Tahir H3, Prendini L4, Snir S5, Gefen E6.
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.Mol Phylogenet Evol.2015 Oct;91:226-37. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.04.028. Epub 2015 May 15.
Scorpio Linnaeus, 1758 (family Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802) was considered monotypic for over a century, and comprised a single species, Scorpio maurus Linnaeus, 1758, with 19 subspecies, distributed from West Africa, throughout the Maghreb and the Middle East, to Iran. Two parapatric subspecies, S
PMID 25987530

IgG4-positive extranodal marginal zone lymphoma arising in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: Clinicopathologic and cytogenetic features of a hitherto undescribed condition.

Tan CL1, Ong YK2, Tan SY3, Ng SB4.
Histopathology.Histopathology.2015 Sep 1. doi: 10.1111/his.12854. [Epub ahead of print]
AIMS: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is recently classified into IgG4-plasma cell rich versus IgG4-plasma cell poor subtype. The former, also known as IgG4 thyroiditis is associated with clinical, serological, sonographic and morphological features distinctive from the non-IgG4 subgroup. We describe an int
PMID 26332259

A multilocus analysis provides evidence for more than one species within Eugenes fulgens (Aves: Trochilidae).

Zamudio-Beltrán LE1, Hernández-Baños BE2.
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.Mol Phylogenet Evol.2015 Sep;90:80-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.04.024. Epub 2015 May 14.
The status of subspecies in systematic zoology is the focus of controversy. Recent studies use DNA sequences to evaluate the status of subspecies within species complexes and to recognize and delimit species. Here, we assessed the phylogenetic relationships, the taxonomic status of the proposed subs
PMID 25982690

Japanese Journal

Acquired Fanconi Syndrome with Proximal Tubular Cytoplasmic Fibrillary Inclusions of λ Light Chain Restriction

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Internal Medicine 53(2), 121-124, 2014
… A monotypic light chain of the λ type was detected in the distal tubular casts, proximal tubular cytoplasmic lysosomes and fibrillary inclusions on immunofluorescence and immune electron microscopy. …
NAID 130003392612

Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic systematics of the family Uranoscopidae (Actinopterygii : Perciformes)

VILASRI Veera
Memoirs of the Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University 55(1・2), 1-106, 2013-12
… The monotypic genus Selenoscopus is synonymized withUranoscopus. …
NAID 120005356868

Phylogenetic Analysis of Nepenthaceae, Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Sequences

ALAMSYAH FIRMAN,ITO MOTOMI
APG : Acta phytotaxonomica et geobotanica 64(3), 113-126, 2013-10-31
… Nepenthaceae, a monotypic family of carnivorous pitcher plants comprising Nepenthes, is widely distributed in Southeast Asia. …
NAID 110009661539