misadventure

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不幸,不運(misfortune);〈C〉不運なでき事,災難

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/01/16 14:31:32」(JST)

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A railing accident at a Texas Longhorns college football game, spilling fans onto the sidelines

An accident, also known as an unintentional injury, is an undesirable, incidental and unplanned event that could have been prevented had circumstances leading up to the accident been recognized, and acted upon, prior to its occurrence. Most scientists who study unintentional injury avoid using the term "accident" and focus on factors that increase risk of severe injury and that reduce injury incidence and severity (Robertson, 2015).

Types

Unintentional injury deaths per million persons in 2012

107-247

248-287

288-338

339-387

388-436

437-505

506-574

575-655

656-834

835-1,165

Physical and non-physical

Physical examples of accidents include unintended motor vehicle collisions or falls, being injured by touching something sharp, hot, electrical or ingesting poison. Non-physical examples are unintentionally revealing a secret or otherwise saying something incorrectly, forgetting an appointment etc.

By activity

Accidents during the execution of work or arising out of it are called work accidents. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), more than 337 million accidents happen on the job each year, resulting, together with occupational diseases, in more than 2.3 million deaths annually.^[1]
In contrast, leisure-related accidents are mainly sports injuries.

By vehicle

Versailles rail accident in 1842

Aviation
Bicycles
Sailing ships
Traffic collisions
Train wrecks
Trams

Common causes

Incidence of accidents (of a severity of resulting in seeking medical care), sorted by activity (in Denmark in 2002).

Poisons, vehicle collisions and falls are the most common causes of fatal injuries. According to a 2005 survey of injuries sustained at home, which used data from the National Vital Statistics System of the United States National Center for Health Statistics, falls, poisoning, and fire/burn injuries are the most common causes of death.^[2]

The United States also collects statistically valid injury data (sampled from 100 hospitals) through the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System administered by the Consumer Product Safety Commission.^[3] This program was revised in 2000 to include all injuries rather than just injuries involving products.^[3] Data on emergency room visits is also collected through the National Health Interview Survey.^[4] In The U.S. the Bureau of Labor Statistics has available on their website extensive statistics on workplace accidents.^[5]

Accident models

Many models to characterize and analyze accidents have been proposed, listed and referenced in this reference.^[6]

^ "ILO Safety and Health at Work". International Labour Organization (ILO)
^ Runyan CW, Casteel C, Perkis D, et al. (January 2005). "Unintentional injuries in the home in the United States Part I: mortality". Am J Prev Med. 28 (1): 73–9. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.09.010. PMID 15626560.
^ ^a ^b CPSC. National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Database query available through: NEISS Injury Data.
^ NCHS. Emergency Department Visits. CDC.
^ http://www.bls.gov/iif
^ Taylor, G.A., Easter, K.M., Hegney, R.P. (2004). Enhancing Occupational Safety and Health. Elsevier. pp. 241–245, see also pages 140–141 and pages 147–153, also on Kindle. ISBN 0750661976.

External links

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における急性肝不全：病因、臨床症状、および診断 acute liver failure in adults etiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis
2. 肝生検標本の解釈 interpretation of liver biopsy specimens

English Journal

A cluster-randomized controlled trial of a computerized antithrombotic risk assessment tool to optimize stroke prevention in general practice: a study protocol.

Bajorek B1, Magin P, Hilmer S, Krass I.Author information 1School of Pharmacy - Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123 Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia. Beata.Bajorek@uts.edu.au.AbstractBACKGROUND: Therapy for stroke prevention in older persons with atrial fibrillation (AF) is underutilized despite evidence to support its effectiveness. To prevent stroke in this high-risk population, antithrombotic treatment is necessary. Given the challenges and inherent risks of antithrombotic therapy, decision-making is particularly complex for clinicians, necessitating comprehensive risk:benefit assessments. Targeted interventions are urgently needed to support clinicians in this context; the Computerized Antithrombotic Risk Assessment Tool (CARAT) offers a unique approach to this clinical problem.
BMC health services research.BMC Health Serv Res.2014 Feb 7;14(1):55. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-14-55.
BACKGROUND: Therapy for stroke prevention in older persons with atrial fibrillation (AF) is underutilized despite evidence to support its effectiveness. To prevent stroke in this high-risk population, antithrombotic treatment is necessary. Given the challenges and inherent risks of antithrombotic th
PMID 24507462

Medication reconciliation: reducing risk for medication misadventure during transition from hospital to assisted living.

Fitzgibbon M, Lorenz R, Lach H.AbstractThe discharge of older adults from hospital to home has been associated with poor outcomes. It is well documented that performing medication reconciliation at every transition point is critical to ensuring patient safety, preventing unnecessary rehospitalizations, and reducing the risk for medication misadventures. However, the medication reconciliation process is not well executed in numerous institutions and possibly not at all in many assisted living facilities (ALFs). Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine medication discrepancies that occur as a result of transitioning from hospitals to ALFs and to explore the role of nurses regarding medication reconciliation in ALFs. A comparison of medication records for 80 residents ages 65 and older revealed that 86.2% of resident records had at least one medication discrepancy. These results represent an opportunity for nurses to be involved with post-acute care communication and medication reconciliation to improve safe transitions for residents in ALFs.
Journal of gerontological nursing.J Gerontol Nurs.2013 Dec;39(12):22-9; quiz 30-1. doi: 10.3928/00989134-20130930-02. Epub 2013 Oct 8.
The discharge of older adults from hospital to home has been associated with poor outcomes. It is well documented that performing medication reconciliation at every transition point is critical to ensuring patient safety, preventing unnecessary rehospitalizations, and reducing the risk for medicatio
PMID 24102104

Acetaminophen-related hepatotoxicity.

Bunchorntavakul C1, Reddy KR.Author information 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, 2 Dulles, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Rajavithi Hospital, College of Medicine, Rangsit University, Rajavithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.AbstractAcetaminophen (APAP) is the leading worldwide cause of drug overdose and acute liver failure (ALF). Single overdose ingestion and therapeutic misadventure may cause hepatotoxicity. Several factors, such as concomitant alcohol use or abuse, concurrent medications, genetic factors, and nutritional status, can influence the susceptibility and severity of APAP hepatotoxicity. Early manifestations of APAP hepatotoxicity are nonspecific, but require prompt recognition by physicians. Patients with repeated overdose tend to present late, and in such hepatotoxicity may have already evolved. N-acetylcysteine is a very effective antidote when giving within 8 hours, and is also recommended after a presentation of hepatotoxicity and ALF. The prognosis of patients with APAP-induced ALF is better than other causes of ALF. Liver transplantation should be offered to those who are unlikely to survive.
Clinics in liver disease.Clin Liver Dis.2013 Nov;17(4):587-607, viii. doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2013.07.005. Epub 2013 Sep 4.
Acetaminophen (APAP) is the leading worldwide cause of drug overdose and acute liver failure (ALF). Single overdose ingestion and therapeutic misadventure may cause hepatotoxicity. Several factors, such as concomitant alcohol use or abuse, concurrent medications, genetic factors, and nutritional sta
PMID 24099020

Japanese Journal

食道亜全摘術 (特集鏡視下手術--術中トラブル対処)

大杉治司,李栄柱,岸田哲
外科 73(1), 18-24, 2011-01
NAID 40017648695

Racism and Redemption : Wisdom from Invisible Man

Bell Mark N.
総合政策研究 18, 9-29, 2005-01-31
… Ellison, by giving us an aesthetic vision of America's misadventure in race relations, opens us up to see it in a new way and perhaps to consider more deeply some of its more difficult realities, the wholesale subjugation of an entire group who arrived with some of the first settlers to Jamestown, Virginia (early seventeenth century). …
NAID 110004499799

日本法医学会課題調査報告(XV)医療事故死剖検例調査 : 昭和56年(1981)-平成3年(1991)

津金澤督雄,鈴木庸夫,木村恒二郎,山田高路,柏村征一,木内政寛,塩野寛,菱田繁
日本法医学雑誌 = THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE 51(2), 127-134, 1997-04-10
NAID 10016330995

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