鉱山従事者、鉱夫

WordNet

laborer who works in a mine (同)mineworker
an official appointed by a government agency to conduct an investigation or administrative hearing so that the agency can exercise its statutory powers (同)hearing officer
lay mines; "The Vietnamese mined Cambodia"
excavation in the earth from which ores and minerals are extracted
explosive device that explodes on contact; designed to destroy vehicles or ships or to kill or maim personnel
get from the earth by excavation; "mine ores and metals"

PrepTutorEJDIC

鉱夫,坑夫
鉱物学的の
『私のもの』 / 《of mineの形で》『私の』 / 《古》私の(my)《母音または綴字がhで始まる語の前,あるいは名詞の後に用いて》
『鉱山』,鉱床 / 《a~》(…の)豊富な資源,宝庫《+『of』+『名』》 / 坑道(敵の陣地・要塞を爆破するために掘られたトンネル) / 地雷,機雷 / 〈鉱物など〉‘を'採掘する / (鉱物を採掘するために)〈地面など〉‘を'掘る《+『名』+『for』+『名』》 / 〈場所〉‘に'地雷(機雷)を敷設する;…‘を'地雷(機雷)で破壊する / 〈坑道〉を掘る / (…を)採掘する《+『for』+『名』》 / 鉱山で働く

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/21 01:11:39」(JST)

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Freiburg Miner, stained glass window, 1330

A miner is a person who extracts ore, coal, or other minerals from the earth through mining. There are two senses in which the term is used. In its narrowest sense, a miner is someone who works at the rock face; cutting, blasting, or otherwise working and removing the rock.^[1]^[2] In a broader sense, a "miner" is anyone working within a mine, not just a worker at the rock face.^[1] This article will consider this broader concept.

In regions with a long mining tradition, many communities have developed cultural traditions and aspects specific to the various regions, in the forms of particular equipment, symbolism, music, and the like.

Roles

Different ications of the individual miner. Many of the roles are specific to a type of mining, such as coal mining. Roles considered to be "miners" in the narrower sense have included:

Hewer (also known as "breaker" or "pickman"), whose job was to hew the rock.
- Collier, a hewer who hews coal with a pick.
Driller, who works a rock drill to bore holes for placing dynamite or other explosives.

Other roles within mines that did not involve breaking rock (and thus fit the broader definition) have included:

Loader (also called a "bandsman"), who loads the mining carts with coal at the face.
Putter (also known as a "drags-man"), who works the carts around the mine.
Barrow-man, who transported the broken coal from the face in wheelbarrows.
Hurrier, who transported coal carts from a mine to the surface.
Timberer, who fashions and installs timber supports to support the walls and ceiling in an underground mine.

In addition to miners working underground, a mine employs other workers in duties at the surface. In addition to office staff of various sorts, these may include:

Brakesman, who operate the winding engine.
Breaker boy who breaks coal.

Modern miners

Miner employment is expected to grow at an average rate as other jobs.^[3]

The basics of mining includes finding, extracting, and preparing minerals, metals and coal. These products are used by utilities and manufacturing industries. Miners also supervise the construction of underground mine operations and create ways to transport the extracted minerals to processing plants.^[3]

Miners use the principles of math and science to develop economical solutions to technical problems. They often work on new products considering a variety of factors and evaluate a final design for cost, safety, effectiveness, and reliability. In addition, miners are required to work in production, maintenance, and testing. Nanotechnology is a new aspect being introduced into mining.^[3]

In most cases, a bachelor's degree in engineering, mining engineering or geological engineering is required. Jobs requiring research often require a degree in engineering. Because technology is constantly changing, miners need to continue their education.^[3]

Mining is one of the most dangerous trades in the world.^[4] in some countries, miners lack social guarantees and in case of injury may be left to cope without assistance.

Gallery

A brown coal miner with a pickaxe. West Germany, 1952
Miner in a mine of the "Cerro Rico" at Potosí, Bolivia, 2006
Miner spraying rockdust in a mine in West Virginia, 2009

References

^ ^a ^b Hill, Albert H. (1920). "miner". A Glossary of the Mining and Mineral Industry. Washington D.C.: United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines.
^ Raymond, R.W. (1881). "miner". A Glossary of Mining and Metallurgical Terms. Easton, Pa.: American Institute of Mining Engineers.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Career Information: Mining and Geological Engineers". Campus Explorer. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
^ http://abcnews.go.com/WN/mining-dangerous-job/story?id=10301377

UpToDate Contents

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Constant and variable amplitude ultrasonic fatigue of 2024-T351 aluminium alloy at different load ratios.

Mayer H, Fitzka M, Schuller R.SourceDepartment of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Physics and Materials Science, BOKU, Peter-Jordan-Str. 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: herwig.mayer@boku.ac.at.
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Mercury transfer during pregnancy and breastfeeding: hair mercury concentrations as biomarker.

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「鉱夫」
拡張検索	「mineralized」「monoaminergic neuron」「aminergic pathway」「dopaminergic nerve fiber」
関連記事	「mine」