関: monkeyflower

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/02/24 10:33:33」(JST)

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Mimulus /ˈmɪmjuːləs/^[1] is a plant genus in the family Phrymaceae, which was traditionally placed in family Scrophulariaceae. The genus now contains only seven species, two native to eastern North America and the other five native to Asia, Australia, Africa, or Madagascar.^[2] In the past, about 150 species were placed in this genus, most of which have since been assigned to other genera, the majority to genus Erythranthe. Mimulus species prefer wet or moist areas and are not drought resistant.^[3]

Taxonomy

Prior to the 2012 restructuring, it had long been recognized that there were two large groups of species within the genus Mimulus as it was traditionally defined, with the largest group of species in western North America, and a second group with center of diversity in Australia. In the 2012 restructuring of Mimulus by Barker, et al., based largely upon DNA evidence, seven species were left in Mimulus, 111 placed into Erythranthe (species with axile placentation and long pedicels), 46 placed into Diplacus (species with parietal placentation and sessile flowers), two placed in Uvedalia, and one each placed in Elacholoma, Mimetanthe, and Thyridia.^[2]^[4]^[5]

The removal of Mimulus from family Scrophulariaceae has been supported by studies of chloroplast DNA first published in the mid-1990s.^[6] Multiple studies of chloroplast DNA and two regions of nuclear rDNA^[7] suggest that the genera Phryma, Berendtiella, Hemichaena, Leucocarpus, Microcarpeae, Peplidium, Glossostigma, and Elacholoma are all derived from within Mimulus and would need to be rearranged.^[8]

Species of Mimulus sensu stricto

The species remaining in Mimulus are:^[2]

Mimulus alatus – Sharpwing Monkey-flower (eastern North America)
Mimulus aquatilis – (Queensland, Australia)
Mimulus gracilis – (Australia)
Mimulus madagascariensis – (Madagascar)
Mimulus orbicularis – (Bangladesh to Myanmar, central Thailand and Vietnam)
Mimulus ringens – Allegheny Monkey-flower, Square-stemmed Monkey-flower (eastern North America)
Mimulus strictus – (Africa, India and Australia)

References

^ Staff (1995). Sunset Western Garden Book. Maumelle: Leisure Arts. pp. 606–607. ISBN 978-0376038517.
^ ^a ^b ^c Barker, W. L. (Bill); et al. (2012). "A Taxonomic Conspectus of Phyrmaceae: A Narrowed Circumscription for Mimulus, New and Resurrected Genera, and New Names and Combinations" (PDF). Phytoneuron. 39: 1–60. ISSN 2153-733X.
^ "California Monkey flowers". Las Pilitas Nursery. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
^ Cooley, Arielle M.; Willis, John H. (2009). "Genetic divergence causes parallel evolution of flower color in Chilean Mimulus". New Phytologist. 183 (3): 729–739. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02858.x.
^ Vallejo-Marín, Mario; Buggs, Richard J.; Cooley, Arielle M.; Puzey, Joshua R. (2015). "Speciation by genome duplication: Repeated origins and genomic composition of the recently formed allopolyploid species Mimulus peregrinus". Evolution. 69: 1487–1500. doi:10.1111/evo.12678. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
^ Beardsley, P. M.; Yen, Alan; Olmstead, R. G. (2003). "AFLP Phylogeny of Mimulus Section Erythranthe and the Evolution of Hummingbird Pollination". Evolution. 57 (6): 1397–1410. JSTOR 3448862.
^ Beardsley, P. M.; Olmstead, R. G. (2002). "Redefining Phrymaceae: the placement of Mimulus, tribe Mimuleae, and Phryma". American Journal of Botany. 89 (7): 1093–1102. doi:10.3732/ajb.89.7.1093. JSTOR 4122195.
^ Beardsley, P. M.; Schoenig, Steve E.; Whittall, Justen B.; Olmstead, Richard G. (2004). "Patterns of Evolution in Western North American Mimulus (Phrymaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 91 (3): 474–4890. JSTOR 4123743.

External links

Mimulus Database - for genetics researchers
Mimulus Genome Browser - for genetics researchers

English Journal

Replicate altitudinal clines reveal that evolutionary flexibility underlies adaptation to drought stress in annual Mimulus guttatus.

Kooyers NJ1, Greenlee AB, Colicchio JM, Oh M, Blackman BK.
The New phytologist.New Phytol.2015 Apr;206(1):152-65. doi: 10.1111/nph.13153. Epub 2014 Nov 18.
Examining how morphology, life history and physiology vary along environmental clines can reveal functional insight into adaptations to climate and thus inform predictions about evolutionary responses to global change. Widespread species occurring over latitudinal and altitudinal gradients in season
PMID 25407964

Carotenoid composition of the flowers of Mimulus lewisii and related species: Implications regarding the prevalence and origin of two unique, allenic pigments.

LaFountain AM1, Frank HA2, Yuan YW3.
Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.Arch Biochem Biophys.2015 Mar 14. pii: S0003-9861(15)00122-8. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.03.006. [Epub ahead of print]
The genus Mimulus has been used as a model system in a wide range of ecological and evolutionary studies and contains many species with carotenoid pigmented flowers. However, the detailed carotenoid composition of these flowers has never been reported. In this paper the floral carotenoid composition
PMID 25778629

An ultraviolet floral polymorphism associated with life history drives pollinator discrimination in Mimulus guttatus.

Peterson ML1, Miller TJ1, Kay KM1.
American journal of botany.Am J Bot.2015 Mar;102(3):396-406. doi: 10.3732/ajb.1400415. Epub 2015 Mar 11.
•PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Ultraviolet (UV) floral patterns are common in angiosperms and mediate pollinator attraction, efficiency, and constancy. UV patterns may vary within species, yet are cryptic to human observers. Thus, few studies have explicitly described the distribution or ecological signif
PMID 25784473

Japanese Journal

Transcriptome Analysis of a Cultivar of Green Perilla (<I>Perilla frutescens</I>) Using Genetic Similarity with Other Plants via Public Databases

Ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ　Ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ　ｉｎ　Ｂｉｏｌｏｇｙ 55(2), 77-83, 2017
NAID 130005607981

Florivory and pollinator visitation: a cautionary tale

AoB Plants 8, 2016-07-11
NAID 120006305919

Pollen Tube Growth in Cross Combinations between Torenia fournieri and Fourteen Related Species

Breeding science 57(2), 117-122, 2007-06
NAID 110006278178

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ミムラス」「monkeyflower」

「ミムラス」

Mimulus
	Mimulus ringens
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Phrymaceae
Genus:	Mimulus; L.
Species
	Presently some 150, but see text.
Synonyms
	Erythranthe, and See text

　　[★]

英: mimulus
関: モンキーフラワー

「monkeyflower」

　　[★]

モンキーフラワー

関: mimulus

[sunset-1] Staff (1995). Sunset Western Garden Book. Maumelle: Leisure Arts. pp. 606–607. ISBN 978-0376038517.

[barker-2] Barker, W. L. (Bill); et al. (2012). "A Taxonomic Conspectus of Phyrmaceae: A Narrowed Circumscription for Mimulus, New and Resurrected Genera, and New Names and Combinations" (PDF). Phytoneuron. 39: 1–60. ISSN 2153-733X.

[Pilitas-3] "California Monkey flowers". Las Pilitas Nursery. Retrieved 19 February 2017.

[redpink-4] Cooley, Arielle M.; Willis, John H. (2009). "Genetic divergence causes parallel evolution of flower color in Chilean Mimulus". New Phytologist. 183 (3): 729–739. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02858.x.

[vallejo-5] Vallejo-Marín, Mario; Buggs, Richard J.; Cooley, Arielle M.; Puzey, Joshua R. (2015). "Speciation by genome duplication: Repeated origins and genomic composition of the recently formed allopolyploid species Mimulus peregrinus". Evolution. 69: 1487–1500. doi:10.1111/evo.12678. Retrieved 4 February 2017.

[beardolm2-6] Beardsley, P. M.; Yen, Alan; Olmstead, R. G. (2003). "AFLP Phylogeny of Mimulus Section Erythranthe and the Evolution of Hummingbird Pollination". Evolution. 57 (6): 1397–1410. JSTOR 3448862.

[beardolm1-7] Beardsley, P. M.; Olmstead, R. G. (2002). "Redefining Phrymaceae: the placement of Mimulus, tribe Mimuleae, and Phryma". American Journal of Botany. 89 (7): 1093–1102. doi:10.3732/ajb.89.7.1093. JSTOR 4122195.

[Schoenig-8] Beardsley, P. M.; Schoenig, Steve E.; Whittall, Justen B.; Olmstead, Richard G. (2004). "Patterns of Evolution in Western North American Mimulus (Phrymaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 91 (3): 474–4890. JSTOR 4123743.

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mimulus