関: downy mildew、powdery mildew

WordNet

the process of becoming mildewed (同)mold, mould
a fungus that produces a superficial (usually white) growth on organic matter
fungus causing a downy mildew on growing tobacco (同)Peronospora hyoscyami
fungus causing a downy mildew on onions (同)Peronospora destructor
moderate in type or degree or effect or force; far from extreme; "a mild winter storm"; "a mild fever"; "fortunately the pain was mild"; "a mild rebuke"; "mild criticism"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(植物につく)べと病,うどん粉病 / (湿気により紙・皮革・食物・木材などにつく)白色(灰色)のかび / …‘に'かびをはやす / かびがはえる
べと病の,うどんこ病の / かびのはえた
(人,人の気性・態度などが)『柔和な』,ものやわらかな,温和な / (程度・力・効果などが)『適度な』,ほどよい / (病気などが)そんなにひどくない,軽い / (気温が)おだやかな / (味・においが)強くない,ぴりぴりしない
マイルド(苦みの少ないビールの一種)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/01/06 18:58:36」(JST)

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Example of downy mildew (left) along with powdery mildew on a grape leaf

Unidentified species of mildew growing on a plastic shower curtain. The numbered ticks on the scale are eleven (11) microns apart.

In horticulture, mildew is fungi in the order Erysiphales. It is also used more generally to mean mold growth.

In Old English, it meant honeydew (a substance secreted by aphids on leaves, formerly thought to distill from the air like dew), and later came to mean mildew in the modern sense of mold or fungus.^[1]

Plant pathogens

What horticulturalists and gardeners often refer to as mildew is more precisely called powdery mildew. It is caused by many different species of fungi in the order Erysiphales. Most species are specific to a narrow range of hosts, and all are obligate parasites of flowering plants. The species that affects roses is Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae.

Another plant-associated type of mildew is downy mildew. Downy mildews are caused by fungus-like organisms in the family Peronosporaceae (Oomycota). They are obligate plant pathogens, and the many species are each parasitic on a narrow range of hosts. In agriculture, downy mildews are a particular problem for growers of potatoes, grapes, tobacco and cucurbits.

Household varieties

The term mildew is often used generically to refer to mould growth, usually with a flat growth habit. Moulds can thrive on many organic materials, including clothing, leather, paper, and the ceilings, walls and floors of homes or offices with poor moisture control. There are many species of mold. The black mold which grows in attics, on window sills, and other places where moisture levels are moderate often is Cladosporium. Color alone is not always a reliable indicator of the species of mould. Proper identification should be done by a microbiologist. Mould growth found on cellulose-based substrates or materials where moisture levels are high (90 percent or greater) is often Stachybotrys chartarum and is linked with sick building syndrome.^[2] “Black Mold,” also known as “Toxic Black Mold,” properly refers to S. chartarum. This species commonly is found indoors on wet materials containing cellulose, such as wallboard (drywall), jute, wicker, straw baskets, and other paper materials. S. chartarum does NOT grow on plastic, vinyl, concrete, glass, ceramic tile, or metals. A variety of other mold species, such as Penicillium or Aspergillus, do. In places with stagnant air, such as basements, molds can produce a strong musty odor.

The English word was exported into French as mildiou and as mildiu or moho in Spanish.^[3]

References

^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 1969, entry "melit-" in Appendix
^ "Smelly Moldy Houses". http://www.bioidea.net/resources/smelly_houses/.
^ "Mildiu". http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mildiu.

External links

SAFECROP - Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Grapevine Downy and Powdery Mildew

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