WordNet

put in the middle
time between the beginning and the end of a temporal period; "the middle of the war"; "rain during the middle of April"
the middle area of the human torso (usually in front); "young American women believe that a bare midriff is fashionable" (同)midriff, midsection
an intermediate part or section; "A whole is that which has beginning, middle, and end"- Aristotle
between an earlier and a later period of time; "in the middle years"; "in his middle thirties"
of a stage in the development of a language or literature between earlier and later stages; "Middle English is the English language from about 1100 to 1500"; "Middle Gaelic"
become tight or as if tight; "Her throat constricted" (同)constringe, narrow
any commodity of intermediate quality or size (especially when coarse particles of ground wheat are mixed with bran)
any of various large nonvenomous snakes that kill their prey by crushing it in its coils

PrepTutorEJDIC

(空間的に)『まん中の』 / (時間・順序・数量などが)『中間の』,まん中の / 『平均の』,中ぐらいの / 《M-》(言語史で)中期の / 《the~》(場所・地域の)『まん中』,『中央』《+『of』+『名』》 / (時間・順序などの)まん中,(行為などの)最中《+『of』+『名』+(do『ing』)》 / 《話》《the~,one's~》(人の)胴,腰
《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
〈物など〉'を'締めつける,圧縮する
(大きさ・質・程度などが)中位の,普通の / 中ぐらいに,かなり
括役筋・周縮筋 / 獲物を締め殺ず大蛇(ぼあなと)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 下顎、口、口腔、および咽頭の先天異常 congenital anomalies of the jaw mouth oral cavity and pharynx
2. 消化管内視鏡検査のための鎮静の概要 overview of procedural sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy
3. MERSコロナウイルス middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus
4. 頭頸部癌患者における下顎および口蓋再建 mandibular and palatal reconstruction in patients with head and neck cancer
5. Tonsillectomy in adults

English Journal

Dysphagia after definitive radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Correlation of dose-volume parameters of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles.

Deantonio L, Masini L, Brambilla M, Pia F, Krengli M.SourceRadiotherapy, University Hospital "Maggiore della Carità", via Solaroli, 17, 28100, Novara, Italy.
Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Röntgengesellschaft ... [et al].Strahlenther Onkol.2013 Mar;189(3):230-6. doi: 10.1007/s00066-012-0288-8. Epub 2013 Jan 16.
BACKGROUND: Dysphagia is a complication of head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT). We analysed frequency and severity of swallowing dysfunction and correlated these findings with dose-volume histograms (DVHs) of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles.METHODS: A total of 50 patients
PMID 23319255

The fetal larynx and pharynx: structure and development described by 2D and 3D ultrasound examination.

Liberty G, Boldes R, Shen O, Shaul C, Cohen SM, Yagel S.SourceDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel. liberg2@gmail.com.
Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol.2012 Dec 13. doi: 10.1002/uog.12358. [Epub ahead of print]
Objectives: We aimed to present a systemic approach for evaluating the fetal pharynx and larynx based on 2DUS and 3DUS modalities. The sonographic appearance and function of the fetal upper respiratory tract are described; anatomical components of the pharynx and larynx were measured. Methods: Gravi
PMID 23239522

Predictive modelling for swallowing dysfunction after primary (chemo)radiation: results of a prospective observational study.

Christianen ME, Schilstra C, Beetz I, Muijs CT, Chouvalova O, Burlage FR, Doornaert P, Koken PW, Leemans CR, Rinkel RN, de Bruijn MJ, de Bock GH, Roodenburg JL, van der Laan BF, Slotman BJ, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, Bijl HP, Langendijk JA.SourceDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.Radiother Oncol.2012 Oct;105(1):107-14. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2011.08.009. Epub 2011 Sep 8.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this large multicentre prospective cohort study was to identify which dose volume histogram parameters and pre-treatment factors are most important to predict physician-rated and patient-rated radiation-induced swallowing dysfunction (RISD) in order to develop
PMID 21907437

Japanese Journal

Myofibrous organization of inferior constrictor of the pharynx in seal.

山田孝一
昭和医学会雑誌 49(4), 351-360, 1989
… The myofibrous organization of the seal inferior constrictor was analyzed to elucidate functional characteristic of the pharyngeal muscle. … The pharynx with the larynx was observed macroscopically, and muscle slices of the inferior constrictor were embedded in gelatine and stained with Sudan Black B. …
NAID 130001828704

咽頭弁手術による鼻咽腔機能と形態の変化に関する研究

神原良
九州齒科學會雜誌 : Kyushu-Shika-Gakkai-zasshi 32(5), 686-718, 1979-01-31
… A follow-up research, before and during 2 years after pharyngeal flap surgery, of 30 patients was undertaken in order to investigate the auditory changes, nasal air escape and the roentgenographical changes in velopharyngeal function and shape. … 50% of the subjects showed disappearance of nasality and nasal air escape at 2 months after operation, and 83.7% of them showed disappearance within a year after operation. …
NAID 110003002820