metacarpal

• 中手骨、中手の

関

metacarpal bone、metacarpus

　 　

WordNet

1. of or relating to the metacarpus; "metacarpal bones"
2. any bone of the hand between the wrist and fingers (同)metacarpal_bone
3. the part of the hand between the carpus and phalanges
4. dorsal and palmar arteries of the hand (同)arteria metacarpea
5. dorsal and palmar veins of the hand (同)vena metacarpus

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 掌部,中手(指と手首の間の部分)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/05/23 05:21:11」(JST)

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Bone: Metacarpals
The five metacarpal bones, numbered. (Left hand shown with thumb on right.)
Multiple fractures of the metacarpals (aka broken hand). (Right hand shown with thumb on left.)
Latin	metacarpalia
Gray's	subject #55 227
Origins	Carpus
Insertions	Proximal phalanges
Articulations	Carpometacarpal, intermetacarpal, metacarpophalangeal
MeSH	Metacarpus

In human anatomy, the metacarpus is the intermediate part of the hand skeleton that is located between the phalanges (bones of the fingers) and the carpus which forms the connection to the forearm. The metacarpus consists of metacarpal bones. Its equivalent in the foot is the metatarsus.

Human anatomy

The metacarpals form a transverse arch to which the rigid row of distal carpal bones are fixed. The peripheral metacarpals (those of the thumb and little finger) form the sides of the cup of the palmar gutter and as they are brought together they deepen this concavity. The index metacarpal is the most firmly fixed, while the thumb metacarpal articulates with the trapezium and acts independently from the others. The middle metacarpals are tightly united to the carpus by intrinsic interlocking bone elements at their bases. The ring metacarpal forms a transitional element of the semi-independent last metacarpal.

Each metacarpal bone consists of a body and two extremities.

Body

The body (corpus; shaft) is prismoid in form, and curved, so as to be convex in the longitudinal direction behind, concave in front. It presents three surfaces: medial, lateral, and dorsal.

• The medial and lateral surfaces are concave, for the attachment of the interosseus muscles, and separated from one another by a prominent anterior ridge.
• The dorsal surface presents in its distal two-thirds a smooth, triangular, flattened area which is covered in by the tendons of the extensor muscles. This surface is bounded by two lines, which commence in small tubercles situated on either side of the digital extremity, and, passing upward, converge and meet some distance above the center of the bone and form a ridge which runs along the rest of the dorsal surface to the carpal extremity. This ridge separates two sloping surfaces for the attachment of the interossei dorsales.
• To the tubercles on the digital extremities are attached the collateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joints.

Base

The base or carpal extremity (basis) is of a cuboidal form, and broader behind than in front: it articulates with the carpus, and with the adjoining metacarpal bones; its dorsal and volar surfaces are rough, for the attachment of ligaments.

Head

The head or digital extremity (capitulum) presents an oblong surface markedly convex from before backward, less so transversely, and flattened from side to side; it articulates with the proximal phalanx. It is broader, and extends farther upward, on the volar than on the dorsal aspect, and is longer in the antero-posterior than in the transverse diameter. On either side of the head is a tubercle for the attachment of the collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint.

The dorsal surface, broad and flat, supports the tendons of the extensor muscles.

The volar surface is grooved in the middle line for the passage of the flexor tendons, and marked on either side by an articular eminence continuous with the terminal articular surface.

Articulations

Besides the metacarpophalangeal joints, the metacarpal bones articulate by carpometacarpal joints as follows:

• the first with the trapezium;
• the second with the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and third metacarpal;
• the third with the capitate and second and fourth metacarpals;
• the fourth with the capitate, hamate, and third and fifth metacarpals;
• and the fifth with the hamate and fourth metacarpal.

Insertions

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus/Brevis: Both insert on the base of metacarpal II; Assist with wrist extension and radial flexion of the wrist

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Inserts on the base of metacarpal V; Extends and fixes wrist when digits are being flexed; assists with ulnar flexion of wrist

Abductor Pollicis Longus: Inserts on the trapezium and base of metacarpal I; Abducts thumb in frontal plane; extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint

Opponens Pollicis: Inserts on metacarpal I; flexes metacarpal I to oppose the thumb to the fingertips

Opponens digiti minimi: Inserts on the medial surface of metacarpal V; Flexes metacarpal V at carpometacarpal joint when little finger is moved into opposition with tip of thumb; deepens palm of hand.

Congenital disorders

The fourth and fifth metacarpal bones are commonly "blunted" or shortened, in pseudohypoparathyroidism and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism.

A blunted fourth metacarpal, with normal fifth metacarpal, can signify Turner syndrome.

Blunted metacarpals (particularly the fourth metacarpal) are a symptom of Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.

Fracture

The neck of a metacarpal (in the transition between the body and the head) is a common location for a boxer's fracture.

In other animals

In four-legged animals, the metacarpals form part of the forefeet, and are frequently reduced in number, appropriate to the number of toes. In digitigrade and unguligrade animals, the metacarpals are greatly extended and strengthened, forming an additional segment to the limb, a feature that typically enhances the animal's speed. In both birds and bats, the metacarpals form part of the wing.

See also

• Bone terminology
• Terms for anatomical location
• Carpometacarpal bossing

Additional images

Micro-radiography of 8 weeks human embryo hand   Metacarpal bones.   Metacarpal bones.   Metacarpal bones.   Metacarpal bones.   Metacarpals of left hand, anterior aspect   Metacarpals of left hand, medial aspect   First metacarpal bone (left)   Second metacarpal bone (left)   Third metacarpal bone (left)   Fourth metacarpal bone (left)   Fifth metacarpal bone (left)

Notes

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained within it may be outdated.

References

• Tubiana, Raoul; Thomine, Jean-Michel; Mackin, Evelyn (1998). Examination of the Hand and Wrist. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 1-85317-544-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=G1gWHR1_J9UC&pg=PA10. 

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 中手骨骨頭骨折 metacarpal head fractures
• 2. 中手骨軸骨折 metacarpal shaft fractures
• 3. 中手骨骨折の概要 overview of metacarpal fractures
• 4. 指、手、および手首の骨折の概要 overview of finger hand and wrist fractures
• 5. 中手骨頸部骨折 metacarpal neck fractures

English Journal

• Regulation of cell polarity in the cartilage growth plate and perichondrium of metacarpal elements by HOXD13 and WNT5A.

• Kuss P, Kraft K, Stumm J, Ibrahim D, Vallecillo-Garcia P, Mundlos S, Stricker S.SourceMax Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
• Developmental biology.Dev Biol.2014 Jan 1;385(1):83-93. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.10.013. Epub 2013 Oct 23.
• The morphology of bones is genetically determined, but the molecular mechanisms that control shape, size and the overall gestalt of bones remain unclear. We previously showed that metacarpals in the synpolydactyly homolog (spdh) mouse, which carries a mutation in Hoxd13 similar to the human conditio
• PMID 24161848

• Antimicrobial management of septic arthritis of the hand and wrist.

• Kowalski TJ, Thompson LA, Gundrum JD.SourceSection of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Gundersen Health System, 1900 South Avenue, Mail Stop C04-001, La Crosse, WI, 54601, USA, tjkowals@gundersenhealth.org.
• Infection.Infection.2013 Dec 5. [Epub ahead of print]
• PURPOSE: The optimal antimicrobial treatment for patients with hand or wrist septic arthritis is unknown. We report the treatment outcomes in patients with these infections.METHODS: The medical records of 40 consecutive adult patients with hand or wrist septic arthritis treated at our institution fr
• PMID 24307329

• Neuroanatomical basis for acupuncture point PC8 in the rat: neural tracing study with cholera toxin subunit B.

• Cui JJ, Ha LJ, Zhu XL, Shi H, Wang FC, Jing XH, Bai WZ.SourceInstitute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, , Beijing, China.
• Acupuncture in medicine : journal of the British Medical Acupuncture Society.Acupunct Med.2013 Dec;31(4):389-94. doi: 10.1136/acupmed-2013-010400. Epub 2013 Aug 16.
• OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate the innervations related to acupuncture point PC8 in rats using a neural tracing technique.METHODS: After 6 μL of 1% cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) was injected into the site between the second and third metacarpal bone in rats, a corresponding sit
• PMID 23956381

• Neanderthal hand and foot remains from Moula-Guercy, Ardèche, France.

• Mersey B, Jabbour RS, Brudvik K, Defleur A.SourceHuman Evolution Research Center, University of California Berkeley, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3160; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, 3040 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140.
• American journal of physical anthropology.Am J Phys Anthropol.2013 Dec;152(4):516-29. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.22389. Epub 2013 Oct 25.
• The hand and foot remains from Moula-Guercy cave (Ardèche, France) comprise 24 specimens of Eemian age (ca. 120 ka). The specimens include primarily complete elements, which are rare among the Moula-Guercy postcrania. The hand remains have several characteristic Neanderthal traits including a later
• PMID 24214384

Japanese Journal

• 平成24年度家畜診療等技術全国研究集会・入賞論文 全国農業共済協会長賞 牛の中手骨骨折における外固定法の改良

• 直井 愛,岡山 猛
• 家畜診療 = Journal of livestock medicine 61(1), 19-23, 2014-01
• NAID 40019936575

• 橈骨遠位端骨折後のビスホスホネート早期投与は廃用性萎縮を予防できるか : DXA法による第2中手骨骨密度を用いた検討

• 金谷 幸一,島本 周治,加藤 義治
• 臨床整形外科 49(1), 53-57, 2014-01
• NAID 40019924158

• A-13 Study of the Metacarpal Growth and Aging in Macaca fuscata using Microdensitometry

• Tetri Widiyani,Bambang Suryobroto
• 霊長類研究所年報 43, 93-93, 2013-11-13
• NAID 120005357199

• Occult Compression Fracture of Metacarpal Head without Evidence of Avascular Necrosis

• Nishida Keiichiro,Hashizume Hiroyuki,Matsukawa Akihiro,Hashizume Kenzo,Shimamura Yasunori,Torigoe Yasuyuki,Ozaki Toshifumi
• Acta Medica Okayama 67(5), 311-317, 2013-10
• … We report a case of 4th metacarpal head collapse of a 19-year-old healthy man. … MRI revealed T1 low and T2 high regions in the collapsed 4th metacarpal head, as well as in the right 3rd and left 4th metacarpal head. … However, pathological findings of surgically resected right 4th metacarpal head were compatible with transient osteoporosis and metacarpal head fracture followed by active tissue repair. …
• NAID 120005341864

Related Links

• Metacarpus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The metacarpals form a transverse arch to which the rigid row of distal carpal bones are fixed. The peripheral metacarpals (those of the thumb and little finger) form the sides of the cup of the palmar gutter and as they are brought together they ...

• Third metacarpal bone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The third metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the middle finger) is a little smaller than the second. The dorsal aspect of its base presents on its radial side a pyramidal eminence, the styloid process, which extends upward behind the capitate; ...

• metacarpal - definition of metacarpal by the Free Online Dictionary ...

met·a·car·pal (m t -kär p l). adj. Relating to the metacarpus. n. Any of the bones of the metacarpus. met a·car pal·ly adv. metacarpal [ˌmɛtəˈkɑːpəl] Anatomy. adj. (Life Sciences & Allied Applications / Anatomy) of or relating to the metacarpus ...

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