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A disulfite, commonly known as metabisulfite, is a chemical compound containing the disulfite ion (metabisulfite ion) [S₂O₅]²⁻.

Structure of metabisulfite ion

Reactions

Production of the disulfite ion

The disulfite ion is a dimer of the bisulfite ion (HSO₃⁻). It can arise from:

Dehydration

In aqueous solution, the disulfite ion is formed in minor amounts by dehydration of bisulfite in an equilibrium:

2 HSO₃⁻ (aq) S₂O₅²⁻ (aq) + H₂O (l)

Although the equilibrium lies far to the left, evaporation of a bisulfite salt will produce a substantial amount of disulfite.^[2]

In fact, disulfite is the ion of disulfurous acid (pyrosulfurous acid), which originates from sulfurous acid in accordance with the dehydration reaction above:

2 H₂SO₃ → 2 HSO₃⁻ + 2 H⁺ → H₂S₂O₅ + H₂O

Addition

The disulfite ion also arises from the addition of sulfur dioxide to the sulfite ion:

HSO₃⁻ SO₃²⁻ + H⁺ SO₃²⁻ + SO₂ S₂O₅²⁻

Other reactions

In aqueous solution, disulfite salts decompose with acids:

S₂O₅²⁻ + H⁺ → HSO₃⁻ + SO₂

Examples of disulfites

sodium metabisulfite (E223) and potassium metabisulfite (E224) are used as a preservative and antioxidant in food.

References

^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2005). Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 2005). Cambridge (UK): RSC–IUPAC. ISBN 0-85404-438-8. p. 130. Electronic version.
^ Bassam Z. Shakhashiri: Chemical demonstrations: a handbook for teachers of chemistry The University of Wisconsin Press @Google Books, 1992, p.9

UpToDate Contents

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1. 食品添加物に対するアレルギー反応および喘息反応 allergic and asthmatic reactions to food additives
2. 局所麻酔剤に対するアレルギー反応 allergic reactions to local anesthetics
3. 気管支誘発試験 bronchoprovocation testing
4. 鎌状赤血球症候群の診断 diagnosis of sickle cell syndromes
5. 局所麻酔剤の浸潤 infiltration of local anesthetics

English Journal

Protective role of curcumin against sulfite-induced structural changes in rats' medial prefrontal cortex.

Noorafshan A, Asadi-Golshan R, Abdollahifar MA, Karbalay-Doust S.
Nutritional neuroscience.Nutr Neurosci.2015 Aug;18(6):248-55. doi: 10.1179/1476830514Y.0000000123. Epub 2014 Apr 3.
Objectives Sodium metabisulfite as a food preservative can affect the central nervous system. Curcumin, the main ingredient of turmeric has neuroprotective activity. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of sulfite and curcumin on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) using stereological met
PMID 24694040

The molecular mechanisms of sodium metabisulfite on the expression of KATP and L-Ca(2+) channels in rat hearts.

Zhang Q1, Bai Y2, Yang Z2, Tian J2, Meng Z2.
Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP.Regul Toxicol Pharmacol.2015 Aug;72(3):440-6. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.05.021. Epub 2015 May 23.
Sodium metabisulfite (SMB) is used as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in a variety of drugs and foods. However, there are few reported studies about its side effects. This study is to investigate the SMB effects on the expression of ATP-sensitive K(+) (KATP) and L-type calcium (L-Ca(2+)) chan
PMID 26015265

What Is the Relevance of Contact Allergy to Sodium Metabisulfite and Which Concentration of the Allergen Should We Use?

Ralph N1, Verma S, Merry S, Lally A, Kirby B, Collins P.
Dermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug.Dermatitis.2015 Jul-Aug;26(4):162-5. doi: 10.1097/DER.0000000000000120.
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of contact allergy to sodium metabisulfite (SMB) has increased from the range of 1.4% to 1.7% to the range of 3.4% to 6.8% in published series over the past 20 years.AIMS: The aims of this study were to review contact allergy to SMB in our cohort and to investigate differe
PMID 26172484

Japanese Journal

歯科用局所麻酔薬に含まれるピロ亜硫酸ナトリウムによるアナフィラキシーの1例 (特集蕁麻疹・痒疹)

田畑敦子,箭原弘典,田中厚
皮膚科の臨床 56(9), 1258-1261, 2014-09
NAID 40020203925

The Concentration of Ethyl Carbamate in Commercial Ume (Prunus mume) Liqueur Products and a Method of Reducing It

, , [他],
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 74(10), 2060-2066, 2010-10-23
… When potassium metabisulfite was added to a concentration of 0–1,000 ppm during production, the generation of ethyl carbamate was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner, but when the amount of potassium metabisulfite added was below the maximum level allowed under the Japanese Food Sanitation Act, the reduction was only 27%. …
NAID 10027560564

Effect of Formulation Factors on In Vitro Permeation of Diclofenac from Experimental and Marketed Aqueous Eye Drops through Excised Goat Cornea

, ,
藥學雜誌 126(12), 1369-1375, 2006-12-01
… Formulation (pH 7.4) containing sodium metabisulfite or EDTA or combination of methyl and propyl paraben showed significantly (p<0.05) higher Papp whereas benzalkonium chloride (BAC) had no effect and sorbic acid (SA) had reduced permeation. …
NAID 110004997540

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リンク元	「メタ重亜硫酸」「メタ重亜硫酸塩」

「メタ重亜硫酸」

Disulfite ion
Names
	IUPAC name disulfite
	Other names metabisulfite ion; pyrosulfite
Identifiers
PubChem	159940
Properties
Chemical formula	S2O5
	Except where noted otherwise, data is given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
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	Infobox references

　　[★]

英: metabisulfite
関: メタ重亜硫酸塩

「メタ重亜硫酸塩」

　　[★]

英: metabisulfite
関: メタ重亜硫酸

[1] International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2005). Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 2005). Cambridge (UK): RSC–IUPAC. ISBN 0-85404-438-8. p. 130. Electronic version.

[Bassam-2] Bassam Z. Shakhashiri: Chemical demonstrations: a handbook for teachers of chemistry The University of Wisconsin Press @Google Books, 1992, p.9

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metabisulfite