近心側の、近心の
WordNet
- being in or directed toward the midline or mesial plane of the body
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/11/02 22:57:44」(JST)
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This is a list of commonly used terms of location and direction in dentistry. This set of terms provides orientation within the oral cavity, much as anatomical terms of location provide orientation throughout the body.
- Anterior
- The direction towards the front of the head or the lips, as opposed to posterior, which refers to the directions towards the back of an individual's head. The term anterior teeth refers to incisors and canines, as opposed to premolars and molars, which are posterior teeth.[1]
- Apical
- The direction towards the root tip(s) or apex(es) of a tooth (the apices), as opposed to coronal, which refers to the direction towards the crown. It may also refer to something relating to the roots, such as apical support. When referring to direction in relation to entities on or of the crown, this term can be synonymous with both cervical and gingival.[1]
- Axial
- A plane parallel to the surface of a tooth. For example, if a drill bur would be inserted into a tooth from any side (proximal, vestibular, oral), the depth of the hole is defined from the axial wall of the hole (from the long axis walls (vertical surfaces bounding the tooth)).[1]
- Buccal
- The side of a tooth that is adjacent to (or the direction towards) the inside of the cheek, as opposed to lingual or palatal (both oral), which refer to the side of a tooth adjacent to (or the direction towards) the tongue or palate, respectively, the oral cavity. Although technically referring only to posterior teeth (where the cheeks are present instead of lips, use of this term has incorrectly extended to all teeth, anterior and posterior), this term has inaccurately been employed to describe the vestibular surface of (or directions in relation to) anterior teeth as well.[1]
- Cervical
- Means neck in Latin (as in cervical vertebrae), and refers to the narrowing of the contours of the tooth surface at or near the CEJ, where the crown meets the root. When referring to direction in relation to entities on or of the crown, it is nearly synonymous with both apical and gingival.[1]
- Coronal
- The direction towards the crown of a tooth, as opposed to apical, which refers to the direction towards the tip(s) of the root(s) or apex(es). It may also refer to something relating to the crown, such as coronal forces.[1]
-
This X-ray film depicts some of the teeth in the lower right quadrant. The arrows point in the following directions:
distal ←,
mesial →,
coronal ↑,
apical ↓.
- Distal
- The direction towards the gingiva beyond the tooth furthest from the anterior midline (the 'most posterior tooth' or last tooth) in each quadrant of a dental arch, as opposed to mesial, which refers to the direction towards the anterior midline. Each tooth can be described as having a distal surface and, for posterior teeth, a distobuccal (DB) and a distolingual (DL) corner or cusp.[1]
-
- Facial
- The side of a tooth that is adjacent to (or the direction towards) the inside of the lips, as opposed to lingual or palatal (both oral), which refer to the side of a tooth adjacent to (or the direction towards) the tongue or palate, respectively, the oral cavity. However, this term has been incorrectly used as an umbrella term for both the term buccal and labial, being also applied to the side of a tooth that is adjacent to (or the direction towards) the inside of the cheek (instead of the more accurate term, vestibular).[1][2][3]
-
- Gingival
- The direction towards the gingiva (gums), synonymous with cervical and similar to apical. However, locations on teeth already more apical to the interface of the crown and root, referred to as the CEJ, tend not to be described using this term, as it would lead to confusion, as the exact definition is ambiguous. Additionally, this term would not be used when referring to a tooth ex vivo.[1]
-
- Incisal
- The direction towards the biting edge of anterior teeth or something relating to this edge, such as the terms incisal guidance or incisal edge. This is the sister term to occlusal, which related to the analogous location on posterior teeth.[1]
-
- Inferior
- The direction towards the feet of a human's body, as opposed to superior, which refers to the direction towards the head. However, use of these terms should enjoy only limited usage when discussing features of a tooth, as, for example, something more inferior on a mandibular tooth will be situated more superior on a maxillary tooth, as they exhibit an inverted relationship. It is for this reason that the terms coronal and apical are substituted.[1]
-
- Interproximal
- An adjective meaning between teeth. For example, interproximal teeth refers to the space between adjacent teeth.[1][4]
-
- Labial
- The side of a tooth that is adjacent to (or the direction towards) the inside of the lip (labium), as opposed to lingual or palatal (both oral), which refer to the side of a tooth adjacent to (or the direction towards) the tongue or palate, respectively, the oral cavity. Although technically referring only to anterior teeth (where the lips (labia) are present instead of cheeks), use of the term buccal has inaccurately extended to all teeth, anterior and posterior (instead of vestibular, the umbrella term).[1][4]
-
- Lingual
- The side of a tooth adjacent to (or the direction towards) the tongue (lingua, compare linguistics and language), as opposed to buccal, labial, or vestibular which refer to the side of a tooth adjacent to (or the direction towards) the inside of the cheek or lips, respectively. Although this term is technically specific to the mandible, it enjoys extensive use in reference to the maxilla as well (see Palatal).[1][4]
-
- Mandibular
- Entities related to the mandible, or lower jaw.[1]
-
- Marginal
- A number of different 'margins' that are involved in dentistry. The edge of tooth structure that is prepared to meet the edge of a prosthetic crown is called a margin, as is the aforementioned edge of the crown; an example of this usage would be "a poorly fitting crown might exhibit marginal leakage." The gingiva and bone that abut the teeth are referred to as 'marginal', as in marginal periodontitis. The bulk of tooth structure on the occlusal surface at the point of contact of posterior teeth is referred to as the marginal ridge.[1]
-
- Maxillary
- Entities related to the maxilla, or upper jaw.[1]
-
- Mesial
- The direction towards the anterior midline in a dental arch, as opposed to distal, which refers to the direction towards the gingiva beyond the tooth furthest from the anterior midline (the 'most posterior tooth' or last tooth) in each quadrant. Each tooth can be described as having a mesial surface and, for posterior teeth, a mesiobuccal (MB) and a mesiolingual (ML) corner or cusp.[1]
-
This photograph shows an occlusal view of a complete maxillary denture. The green line, indicating the dental midline, is the defining line when it comes to mesial-distal direction. The blue arrow, which indicates a mesial direction, applies to the opposite side as well up until the green line. The red arrow is directly buccal to the right first maxillary molar, and the name label for the patient (Martin) is embedded in the resin directly palatal to the same tooth.
- Midline
- Main article: Dental midline. Roughly, an imaginary vertical line dividing the left and right sides of the mouth at the teeth.
-
- Occlusal
- The direction towards the biting surface of posterior teeth or something relating to this surface, such as the terms occlusal interference or occlusal surface. This is the sister term to incisal, which related to the analogous location on anterior teeth.[1][4]
-
- Oral
- The side of a tooth adjacent to (or the direction towards) the oral cavity, as opposed to buccal, labial or vestibular, which refer to the side of a tooth adjacent to (or the direction towards) the inside of the cheek, lips or vestibule respectively. This term is an umbrella term for both the term palatal and lingual. Alternatively, the term lingual has been used as a blanket term instead although this specifically refers only to the side of a tooth that is adjacent to (or the direction towards) the tongue, technically specific to the mandible.[1][4]
-
- Palatal
- The side of a tooth adjacent to (or the direction towards) the palate, as opposed to buccal, labial or vestibular which refer to the side of a tooth adjacent to (or the direction towards) the inside of the cheek, lips and vestibule of the mouth respectively. This term is strictly used in the maxilla.[1]
-
- Posterior
- The direction towards the back of an individual's head, as opposed to anterior, which refers to the directions towards an individual's lips. The term posterior teeth refers to premolars and molars, as opposed to incisors and canines, which are anterior teeth.[1][4]
- Quadrant
-
The dentition is divided into four quarters. The two dental arches form an oval, which is divided into quadrants:
- Upper right quadrant: upper right first incisor to upper right wisdom tooth
- Upper left quadrant: upper left first incisor to upper left wisdom tooth
- Lower right quadrant: lower right first incisor to lower right wisdom tooth
- Lower left quadrant: lower left first incisor to lower left wisdom tooth
- Proximal
- The surfaces of teeth that normally lie adjacent to another tooth. It is an umbrella term that includes both mesial and distal, such as when referring to the proximal surfaces of teeth.[1]
-
- Superior
- The direction towards the head of a human's body, as opposed to inferior, which refers to the direction towards the feet. However, use of these terms should enjoy only limited use when discussing features of a tooth, as, for example, something more superior on a mandibular tooth will be situated more inferior on a maxillary tooth, as they exhibit an inverted relationship. It is for this reason that the terms coronal and apical are substituted.[1]
-
- Vestibular
- The side of a tooth that is adjacent to (or the direction towards) the inside of the cheeks and lips, as opposed to lingual or palatal (both oral), which refer to the side of a tooth adjacent to (or the direction towards) the tongue or palate, respectively, the oral cavity. This term is an umbrella term for both the term buccal and labial.[5][6] Alternatively, the term facial has been used as the umbrella term instead although this specifically refers only to the side of a tooth that is adjacent to (or the direction towards) the inside of the lips, as opposed to lingual or palatal (both oral), and not the cheeks.[1]
Combining of terms
Most of the principal terms can be combined using their corresponding combining forms (such as mesio- for mesial and disto- for distal). They provide names for directions (vectors) and axes; for example, the coronoapical axis is the long axis of a tooth. Such combining yields terms such as those in the following list. The abbreviations should be used only in restricted contexts, where they are explicitly defined and help avoid extensive repetition (for example, a journal article that uses the term "mesiodistal" dozens of times might use the abbreviation "MD"). The abbreviations are ambiguous: (1) they are not specific to these terms; (2) they are not even one-to-one specific within this list; and (3) some of the combined terms are little used, and the abbreviations of the latter are even less used. Therefore, spelling out is best.
This photo shows teeth #2-5 (Universal numbering system). Tooth #3, the upper right first molar, has an MO (mesial-occlusal) gold inlay. This molar is both posterior, as well as distal, to the premolars in front of it.
The combined terms include apicocoronal (AC), buccoapical (BA), buccocervical (BC), buccogingival (BG), buccolabial (BL), buccolingual (BL), bucco-occlusal (BO), buccopalatal (BP), coronoapical (CA), distoapical (DA), distobuccal (DB), distocervical (DC), distocoronal (DC), distogingival (DG), distolingual (DL), disto-occlusal or distoclusal (DO), distopalatal (DP), linguobuccal (LB), linguo-occlusal (LO), mesioapical (MA), mesiobuccal (MB), mesiocervical (MC), mesiocoronal (MC), mesiodistal (MD), mesiogingival (MG), mesio-occlusal or mesioclusal (MO), mesiopalatal (MP).
See also
- Anatomical terms of location
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Ash, Major M.; Nelson, Stanley (2002). Wheeler's Dental Anatomy, Physiology and Occlusion. Saunders. ISBN 0721693822.
- ^ AVDC Nomenclature Committee (2012) 'Recommendations from the AVDC Nomenclature Committee adopted by the AVDC Board', American Veterinary Dental College. Uniform Resource Locator: http://www.avdc.org/nomenclature.html#toothsurfaces
- ^ World Association of Veterinary Anatomists, International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature, World Association of Veterinary Anatomists, International Committee on Veterinary Histological Nomenclature, World Association of Veterinary Anatomists and International Committee on Veterinary Embryological Nomenclature (1994) Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria: Fourth Edition. Zurich and Ithaca: World Association of Veterinary Anatomists
- ^ a b c d e f "Dictionary of Dental Terms". American Dental Association. Retrieved 2013-06-03.
- ^ AVDC Nomenclature Committee (2012) 'Recommendations from the AVDC Nomenclature Committee adopted by the AVDC Board', American Veterinary Dental College. Uniform Resource Locator: http://www.avdc.org/nomenclature.html#toothsurfaces
- ^ World Association of Veterinary Anatomists, International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature, World Association of Veterinary Anatomists, International Committee on Veterinary Histological Nomenclature, World Association of Veterinary Anatomists and International Committee on Veterinary Embryological Nomenclature (1994) Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria: Fourth Edition. Zurich and Ithaca: World Association of Veterinary Anatomists
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English Journal
- Reliability analysis of the resting state can sensitively and specifically identify the presence of Parkinson disease.
- Skidmore FM, Yang M, Baxter L, von Deneen KM, Collingwood J, He G, White K, Korenkevych D, Savenkov A, Heilman KM, Gold M, Liu Y.SourceNorth Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. Electronic address: fskidmore@ufl.edu.
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- Paul S, Held U.SourcePrivate Practice, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Freiburg, Germany.
- Clinical oral implants research.Clin Oral Implants Res.2013 Jun;24(6):710-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02465.x. Epub 2012 Mar 29.
- AIM: To assess the stability of the peri-implant bone, the peri-implant soft tissues and the esthetic success of immediately placed implants.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, scalloped-shaped implants were placed immediately and 1.5 mm supracrestally after single-tooth extraction.
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Related Links
- Mesial definition, medial. See more. Dictionary.com Word of the Day Translate Games Blog Thesaurus.com Apps Favorites Log Out Log In follow Dictionary.com Dictionary.com Thesaurus.com My Account Log Out Log In Word ...
- mesial [me´ze-al] situated in the middle; median; nearer the middle line of the body or nearer the center of the dental arch. The mesial surfaces are those closest to the midline of the dental arch. From Darby and Walsh, 1994. me·si·al
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
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- 関
- 近心側
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- 英
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