メホバルビタール
WordNet
- a long-acting crystalline barbiturate (trade name Mebaral) used as a sedative and as an anticonvulsant in the treatment of epilepsy (同)Mebaral
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/01/26 11:53:24」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Methylphenobarbital
|
| Clinical data |
| AHFS/Drugs.com |
International Drug Names |
| MedlinePlus |
a605022 |
Pregnancy
category |
|
Routes of
administration |
By mouth (tablets) |
| ATC code |
N03AA01 (WHO) |
| Legal status |
| Legal status |
- CA: Schedule IV
- DE: Anlage III (Prescription only)
- UK: Class B
- US: Schedule IV
|
| Pharmacokinetic data |
| Protein binding |
70–76% |
| Metabolism |
Liver |
| Biological half-life |
34 hours |
| Identifiers |
IUPAC name
- 5-Phenyl-5-ethyl-1-methylbarbituric acid
|
| CAS Number |
115-38-8 Y |
| PubChem (CID) |
8271 |
| DrugBank |
DB00849 Y |
| ChemSpider |
7972 Y |
| UNII |
5NC67NU76B Y |
| KEGG |
D00700 Y |
| ChEBI |
CHEBI:6758 Y |
| ChEMBL |
CHEMBL45029 Y |
| ECHA InfoCard |
100.003.714 |
| Chemical and physical data |
| Formula |
C13H14N2O3 |
| Molar mass |
246.3 g/mol |
| 3D model (Jmol) |
Interactive image |
SMILES
-
O=C1N(C(=O)NC(=O)C1(c2ccccc2)CC)C
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InChI
-
InChI=1S/C13H14N2O3/c1-3-13(9-7-5-4-6-8-9)10(16)14-12(18)15(2)11(13)17/h4-8H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,14,16,18) Y
-
Key:ALARQZQTBTVLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
|
| (verify) |
Methylphenobarbital (INN), also known as mephobarbital (USAN, JAN) and mephobarbitone (BAN), marketed under brand names such as Mebaral, Mephyltaletten, Phemiton, and Prominal, is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative and is used primarily as an anticonvulsant,[1] but also as a sedative and anxiolytic. It is the N-methylated analogue of phenobarbital and has similar indications, therapeutic value, and tolerability.
Contents
- 1 Approval history
- 2 Overdose
- 3 See also
- 4 References
Approval history
- 1935 – Mebaral was introduced by Winthrop Pharmaceuticals.
- 2001 – Methylphenobarbital discontinued in the UK.
- 2003 – Mebaral was acquired by Ovation Pharmaceuticals (a specialty pharmaceutical company that acquired under-promoted branded pharmaceutical products).
- 2009 – Ovation was acquired by Lundbeck, which now markets Mebaral.
- 2012 – Lundbeck announced that they were abandoning the product in the US as of January 6, 2012. The stated reason was because "the company thoroughly evaluated all avenues for keeping Mebaral available to patients, but ultimately concluded that no matter what steps they [i.e. Lundbeck] took, patients would be forced to transition to a new therapy."
The company further stated in a letter on its website [2] that under the FDA's Unapproved Drugs Initiative, FDA is no longer willing to allow the drug to be grandfathered. A new drug application would have needed to have been submitted to gain marketing approval, which would have taken an estimated five years, during which time patients would be required to change their therapies in any case. The last available tablets bore an expiration date of March 31, 2012, and the drug will no longer be available in the US when supplies are depleted.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose of mephobarbital include confusion, decrease in or loss of reflexes, somnolence, fever, irritability, hypothermia, poor judgment, shortness of breath or slow/troubled breathing, slow heartbeat, slurred speech, staggering, trouble in sleeping, unusual movements of the eyes, weakness.
See also
References
- ^ S. D. Shorvon; David R. Fish; Emilio Perucca; W. Edwin Dodson, eds. (2004). The Treatment of Epilepsy (2nd ed.). Blackwell. ISBN 0-632-06046-8.
- ^ Letter from Lundbeck to prescribers
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Anticonvulsants (N03)
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|
| GABAergics |
| GABAAR PAMs |
- Barbiturates: Barbexaclone
- Metharbital
- Methylphenobarbital
- Pentobarbital
- Phenobarbital#
- Primidone; Carbamates: Felbamate; Benzodiazepines: Clobazam
- Clonazepam
- Clorazepate
- Diazepam#
- Lorazepam#
- Midazolam
- Nimetazepam
- Nitrazepam
- Temazepam; Others: Bromide (potassium bromide, sodium bromide)
- Paraldehyde
- Stiripentol
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|
| GABA-T inhibitors |
- Fatty acids: Valproate
- Valpromide
- Valproate pivoxil; Others: Ethanolamine-O-sulfate
- Vigabatrin
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|
| Others |
- GABAR agonists: Progabide; GAT-1 inhibitors: Tiagabine
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|
|
| Channelergics |
| Sodium blockers |
- Hydantoins: Ethotoin
- Fosphenytoin
- Mephenytoin
- Phenytoin#; Ureides: Acetylpheneturide
- Chlorphenacemide
- Phenacemide‡
- Pheneturide; Fatty acids: Valproate
- Valpromide
- Valproate pivoxil; Carboxamides: Carbamazepine#
- Eslicarbazepine acetate
- Oxcarbazepine; Others: Lacosamide
- Lamotrigine
- Rufinamide
- Topiramate
- Zonisamide
|
|
| Calcium blockers |
- Oxazolidinediones: Ethadione
- Paramethadione
- Trimethadione; Succinimides: Ethosuximide#
- Mesuximide
- Phensuximide; Gabapentinoids: Gabapentin
- Pregabalin; Others: Lamotrigine
- Topiramate
- Zonisamide
|
|
| Potassium openers |
|
|
|
| Others |
| CA inhibitors |
- Sulfonamides: Acetazolamide
- Ethoxzolamide
- Sultiame
- Topiramate
- Zonisamide
|
|
| Others |
- Beclamide
- Brivaracetam
- Levetiracetam
- Perampanel
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|
|
- #WHO-EM
- ‡Withdrawn from market
- Clinical trials:
- †Phase III
- §Never to phase III
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|
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
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|
| Alcohols |
- Brometone
- Butanol
- Chloralodol
- Chlorobutanol (cloretone)
- Ethanol (drinking alcohol)
- Ethchlorvynol
- Isobutanol
- Isopropanol
- Menthol
- Methanol
- Methylpentynol
- Pentanol
- Petrichloral
- Propanol
- tert-Butanol (2M2P)
- tert-Pentanol (2M2B)
- Tribromoethanol
- Trichloroethanol
- Triclofos
- Trifluoroethanol
|
|
| Barbiturates |
- (-)-DMBB
- Allobarbital
- Alphenal
- Amobarbital
- Aprobarbital
- Barbexaclone
- Barbital
- Benzobarbital
- Benzylbutylbarbiturate
- Brallobarbital
- Brophebarbital
- Butabarbital/Secbutabarbital
- Butalbital
- Buthalital
- Butobarbital
- Butallylonal
- Carbubarb
- CP-1414S
- Crotylbarbital
- Cyclobarbital
- Cyclopentobarbital
- Difebarbamate
- Enallylpropymal
- Ethallobarbital
- Eterobarb
- Febarbamate
- Heptabarb
- Heptobarbital
- Hexethal
- Hexobarbital
- Metharbital
- Methitural
- Methohexital
- Methylphenobarbital
- Narcobarbital
- Nealbarbital
- Pentobarbital
- Phenallymal
- Phenobarbital
- Phetharbital
- Primidone
- Probarbital
- Propallylonal
- Propylbarbital
- Proxibarbital
- Reposal
- Secobarbital
- Sigmodal
- Spirobarbital
- Talbutal
- Tetrabamate
- Tetrabarbital
- Thialbarbital
- Thiamylal
- Thiobarbital
- Thiobutabarbital
- Thiopental
- Thiotetrabarbital
- Valofane
- Vinbarbital
- Vinylbital
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|
| Benzodiazepines |
|
|
| Carbamates |
- Carisbamate
- Carisoprodol
- Clocental
- Cyclarbamate
- Difebarbamate
- Emylcamate
- Ethinamate
- Febarbamate
- Felbamate
- Hexapropymate
- Lorbamate
- Mebutamate
- Meprobamate
- Nisobamate
- Pentabamate
- Phenprobamate
- Procymate
- Styramate
- Tetrabamate
- Tybamate
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|
| Flavonoids |
- 6-Methylapigenin
- Ampelopsin (dihydromyricetin)
- Apigenin
- Baicalein
- Baicalin
- Catechin
- EGC
- EGCG
- Hispidulin
- Linarin
- Luteolin
- Rc-OMe
- Skullcap constituents (e.g., baicalin)
- Wogonin
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|
| Imidazoles |
- Etomidate
- Metomidate
- Propoxate
|
|
| Kava constituents |
- 10-Methoxyyangonin
- 11-Methoxyyangonin
- 11-Hydroxyyangonin
- Desmethoxyyangonin
- 11-Methoxy-12-hydroxydehydrokavain
- 7,8-Dihydroyangonin
- Kavain
- 5-Hydroxykavain
- 5,6-Dihydroyangonin
- 7,8-Dihydrokavain
- 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroyangonin
- 5,6-Dehydromethysticin
- Methysticin
- 7,8-Dihydromethysticin
- Yangonin
|
|
| Monoureides |
- Acecarbromal
- Apronal (apronalide)
- Bromisoval
- Carbromal
- Capuride
- Ectylurea
|
|
| Neuroactive steroids |
- Acebrochol
- Allopregnanolone (SAGE-547)
- Alfadolone
- Alfaxalone
- Anabolic steroids
- 3α-Androstanediol
- Androstenol
- Androsterone
- Cholesterol
- DHDOC
- 3α-DHP
- 5α-DHP
- 5β-DHP
- DHT
- Etiocholanolone
- Ganaxolone
- Hydroxydione
- Minaxolone
- Org 20599
- Org 21465
- P1-185
- Pregnanolone (eltanolone)
- Progesterone
- Renanolone
- SAGE-105
- SAGE-217
- SAGE-324
- SAGE-516
- SAGE-689
- SAGE-872
- Testosterone
- THDOC
|
|
| Nonbenzodiazepines |
- β-Carbolines: Abecarnil
- Gedocarnil
- Harmane
- SL-651,498
- ZK-93423; Cyclopyrrolones: Eszopiclone
- Pagoclone
- Pazinaclone
- Suproclone
- Suriclone
- Zopiclone; Imidazopyridines: Alpidem
- DS-1
- Necopidem
- Saripidem
- Zolpidem; Pyrazolopyrimidines: Divaplon
- Fasiplon
- Indiplon
- Lorediplon
- Ocinaplon
- Panadiplon
- Taniplon
- Zaleplon; Others: Adipiplon
- CGS-8216
- CGS-9896
- CGS-13767
- CGS-20625
- CL-218,872
- CP-615,003
- CTP-354
- ELB-139
- GBLD-345
- JM-1232
- L-838,417
- Lirequinil (Ro41-3696)
- NS-2664
- NS-2710
- NS-11394
- Pipequaline
- ROD-188
- RWJ-51204
- SB-205,384
- SX-3228
- TGSC01AA
- TP-003
- TPA-023
- TP-13
- U-89843A
- U-90042
- Viqualine
- Y-23684
|
|
| Phenols |
- Fospropofol
- Propofol
- Thymol
|
|
| Piperidinediones |
- Glutethimide
- Methyprylon
- Piperidione
- Pyrithyldione
|
|
| Pyrazolopyridines |
- Cartazolate
- Etazolate
- ICI-190,622
- Tracazolate
|
|
| Quinazolinones |
- Afloqualone
- Cloroqualone
- Diproqualone
- Etaqualone
- Mebroqualone
- Mecloqualone
- Methaqualone
- Methylmethaqualone
- Nitromethaqualone
- SL-164
|
|
| Volatiles/gases |
- Acetone
- Acetophenone
- Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate
- Aliflurane
- Benzene
- Butane
- Butylene
- Centalun
- Chloral
- Chloral betaine
- Chloral hydrate
- Chloroform
- Cryofluorane
- Desflurane
- Dichloralphenazone
- Dichloromethane
- Diethyl ether
- Enflurane
- Ethyl chloride
- Ethylene
- Fluroxene
- Gasoline
- Halopropane
- Halothane
- Isoflurane
- Kerosine
- Methoxyflurane
- Methoxypropane
- Nitric oxide
- Nitrogen
- Nitrous oxide
- Norflurane
- Paraldehyde
- Propane
- Propylene
- Roflurane
- Sevoflurane
- Synthane
- Teflurane
- Toluene
- Trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)
- Trichloroethylene
- Vinyl ether
|
|
| Others/unsorted |
- 3-Hydroxybutanal
- α-EMTBL
- AA-29504
- Avermectins (e.g., ivermectin)
- Bromide compounds (e.g., lithium bromide, potassium bromide, sodium bromide)
- Carbamazepine
- Chloralose
- Chlormezanone
- Clomethiazole
- DEABL
- Dihydroergolines (e.g., dihydroergocryptine, dihydroergosine, dihydroergotamine, ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine))
- DS2
- Efavirenz
- Etazepine
- Etifoxine
- Fenamates (e.g., flufenamic acid, mefenamic acid, niflumic acid, tolfenamic acid)
- Fluoxetine
- Flupirtine
- Hopantenic acid
- Lanthanum
- Lavender oil
- Lignans (e.g., 4-O-methylhonokiol, honokiol, magnolol, obovatol)
- Loreclezole
- Menthyl isovalerate (validolum)
- Monastrol
- Niacin
- Nicotinamide (niacinamide)
- Org 25,435
- Phenytoin
- Propanidid
- Retigabine (ezogabine)
- Safranal
- Seproxetine
- Stiripentol
- Sulfonylalkanes (e.g., sulfonmethane (sulfonal), tetronal, trional)
- Terpenoids (e.g., borneol)
- Topiramate
- Valerian constituents (e.g., isovaleric acid, isovaleramide, valerenic acid, valerenol)
- Unsorted benzodiazepine site PAMs: MRK-409 (MK-0343)
- TCS-1105
- TCS-1205
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|
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See also: GABAergics
|
UpToDate Contents
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… Thiopental (Pentothal) and methohexital (Brevital) are barbiturates that are occasionally used to sedate critically ill patients. Barbiturates produce sedation by binding to the gamma aminobutyric acid …
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…nsferase (UGT)-glucuronidation The oral dose of phenobarbital is 1 to 5 mg/kg per day; it may also be administered intravenously. Serum phenobarbital concentrations should be checked three to four weeks …
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…opioids, the United States DOD DOA screen includes: Four most commonly used barbiturates (amobarbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, secobarbital) Benzodiazepines; Certain amphetamine derivatives: Methamphetamine …
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…psychosis is not recommended . Barbiturates have similarly been used to treat insomnia. However, all have potentially significant adverse effects. Routine use of barbiturates to treat insomnia is not recommended …
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- Molecular pharmacology.Mol Pharmacol.2014 May;85(5):735-46. doi: 10.1124/mol.113.090985. Epub 2014 Feb 21.
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Japanese Journal
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- Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics 19(3), 236-238, 2004-06-30
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Related Links
- Easy to read patient leaflet for mephobarbital. Includes indications, proper use, special instructions, precautions, and possible side effects. ... If OVERDOSE is suspected: Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of ...
- Physician reviewed mephobarbital patient information - includes mephobarbital description, dosage and directions. ... How should I take mephobarbital? Take this medication exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take it in ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
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[★]
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- mephobarbital
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- 関
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[★]
メチルフェノバルビタール
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