WordNet

direct the flow of; "channel information towards a broad audience" (同)canalize, canalise
a television station and its programs; "a satellite TV channel"; "surfing through the channels"; "they offer more than one hundred channels" (同)television channel, TV channel
a passage for water (or other fluids) to flow through; "the fields were crossed with irrigation channels"; "gutters carried off the rainwater into a series of channels under the street"
(often plural) a means of communication or access; "it must go through official channels"; "lines of communication were set up between the two firms" (同)communication channel, line
a path over which electrical signals can pass; "a channel is typically what you rent from a telephone company" (同)transmission channel
a deep and relatively narrow body of water (as in a river or a harbor or a strait linking two larger bodies) that allows the best passage for vessels; "the ship went aground in the channel"
a thin pliable sheet of material
a pliable sheet of tissue that covers or lines or connects the organs or cells of animals or plants (同)tissue layer
official routes of communication; "you have to go through channels"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『水路』(川・湾・運河の船の通行ができる深い部分) / 〈U〉河床・川底 / 〈C〉『海峡』 / 〈C〉みぞ(groove),(道路の)水渠(すいきょ) / 《複数形で》(運搬・伝達の)正式の経路(手続き);(一般に)経路 / 〈C〉(テレビ・ラジオの)チャンネル / …‘に'水路を開く / …‘に'みぞを堀る / …'を'伝える,流す
(生物の)膜,皮膜

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/02/21 21:50:07」(JST)

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A family of biological membrane proteins which allow the passive movement of ions (ion channels), water (aquaporins) or other solutes to passively pass through the membrane down their electrochemical gradient. They are studied using a range of channelomics experimental and mathematical techniques.

Properties

Hemichannels

A hemichannel is a membrane channel made up of six subunits.^[1] A hemichannel is defined as one-half of a gap junction channel.^[2] Hemichannels consist of connexins.^[1]

Pannexin

Pannexins are involved in the process of purinergic signalling. They release Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which activate purinergic receptors. On the other hand, purinergic receptor activation can also lead to the opening of the channel, via a positive feedback loop.^[3] In addition, P2Y receptors activate inositol trisphosphate, which leads to a transient increase in intracellular calcium, and opens both connexin and pannexin channels, therefore contributing to the propagation of calcium waves across astrocytes and epithelial cells.^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b Retamal, Mauricio A. (2014). "Connexin and Pannexin hemichannels are regulated by redox potential". Frontiers in Physiology. 5. doi:10.3389/fphys.2014.00080. PMC 3933782. PMID 24611056.
^ Spray, David C.; Ye, Zu-Cheng; Ransom, Bruce R. (15 November 2006). "Functional connexin "hemichannels": A critical appraisal". Glia. 54 (7): 758–773. doi:10.1002/glia.20429.
^ ^a ^b Baroja-Mazo, Alberto; Barberà-Cremades, Maria; Pelegrín, Pablo (January 2013). "The participation of plasma membrane hemichannels to purinergic signaling". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes. 1828 (1): 79–93. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.01.002. PMID 22266266.

Molecular Biology of the Cell 4th ed. Alberts, B.; Johnson, A.; Lewis, J.; Raff, M.; Roberts, K.; Walter, P. New York and London: Garland Science; c2002 See Glossary, under "membrane channels". This book is available online

UpToDate Contents

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1. 赤血球細胞膜の動態および機構 red blood cell membrane dynamics and organization
2. 赤血球水分量の制御 control of red blood cell hydration
3. バーター症候群およびギテルマン症候群 bartter and gitelman syndromes
4. 腎集合管ナトリウムチャンネルの遺伝的障害：リドル症候群および偽性低アルドステロン症1型 genetic disorders of the collecting tubule sodium channel liddles syndrome and pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1
5. 先天性および後天性ＱＴ延長症候群の遺伝学 genetics of congenital and acquired long qt syndrome

English Journal

TRPC1 regulates calcium-activated chloride channels in salivary gland cells.

Sun Y1, Birnbaumer L2, Singh BB1.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2015 Nov;230(11):2848-56. doi: 10.1002/jcp.25017.
Calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) plays an important role in modulating epithelial secretion. It has been suggested that in salivary tissues, sustained fluid secretion is dependent on Ca(2+) influx that activates ion channels such as CaCC to initiate Cl(-) efflux. However direct evidence as
PMID 25899321

Enhancing the speed of morpholino-DNA biosensor by electrokinetic concentration of DNA in a microfluidic chip.

Martins D1, Levicky R2, Song YA3.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2015 Oct 15;72:87-94. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.063. Epub 2015 Apr 28.
Electrokinetic methods that conveniently concentrate charged analytes by orders of magnitude are highly attractive for nucleic acid assays where they can bypass the complexity and costs of enzyme-based amplification. The present study demonstrates an electrokinetic concentration device incorporating
PMID 25966462

Nitric oxide influences potassium currents in inner hair cells isolated from guinea-pig cochlea.

Kimitsuki T1.
Auris, nasus, larynx.Auris Nasus Larynx.2015 Oct;42(5):360-4. doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2015.02.011. Epub 2015 Mar 10.
OBJECTIVE: Nitric oxide (NO) is a diffusible second messenger, which regulates neurotransmission, serving as the principal endothelium-derived relaxing factor. NO also acts as an ion channel modulator. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been identified in the inner ear, although its physiological role
PMID 25769241