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erect annual or biennial plant grown extensively especially for hay and soil improvement (同)melilot, sweet clover

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/24 23:42:30」(JST)

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Melilotus, known as Melilot, Sweet-clover, and Kumoniga (from the Cumans),^[2] is a genus in the family Fabaceae. Members are known as common grassland plants and as weeds of cultivated ground. Originally from Europe and Asia, it is now found worldwide.

This legume is commonly named for its sweet smell, which is due to the presence of coumarin in its tissues. Coumarin, though responsible for the sweet smell of hay and newly mowed grass, has a bitter taste, and, as such, possibly acts as a means for the plant to discourage consumption by animals.^[3] Fungi (including Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Mucor^[4]) can convert coumarin into dicoumarol, a toxic anticoagulant. Consequently, dicoumarol may be found in decaying sweet-clover, and was the cause of the so-called sweet-clover disease, recognized in cattle in the 1920s.^[5]

Uses

Melilotus species are eaten by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, such as those of the genus Coleophora, including C. frischella and C. trifolii.

Melilotus, often used as a green manure, can be turned into the soil to increase its nitrogen and organic matter content. It is especially valuable in heavy soils because of its deep rooting. However, it may fail if the soil is too acidic. It should be turned into the soil when 8 to 10 inches tall. Unscarified seed is best sown in spring when the ground is not too dry; scarified seed is better sown in late fall or even in the snow, so it will germinate before competing weeds the following spring.^[6]

Others

Blue melilot (Trigonella caerulea) is not a member of the genus, despite the name.

Species

The genus Melilotus currently has nineteen recognized species:^[7]

Melilotus albus Medik.
Melilotus altissimus Thuill.
Melilotus dentatus (Waldst. & Kit.) Pers.
Melilotus elegans Salzm. ex Ser.
Melilotus hirsutus Lipsky
Melilotus indicus (L.) All.
Melilotus infestus Guss.
Melilotus italicus (L.) Lam.
Melilotus macrocarpus Coss. & Durieu
Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.
Melilotus polonicus (L.) Desr.
Melilotus segetalis (Brot.) Ser.
Melilotus siculus (Turra) B. D. Jacks.
Melilotus speciosus Durieu
Melilotus spicatus (Sm.) Breistr.
Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.
Melilotus sulcatus Desf.
Melilotus tauricus (M. Bieb.) Ser.
Melilotus wolgicus Poir.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Woodgate, Katherine; Maxted, Nigel; Bennett, Sarita Jane (1996). "Genetic resources of Mediterranean pasture and forage legumes". In Bennett, Sarita Jane; Cocks, Philip Stanley. Genetic resources of Mediterranean pasture and forage legumes. Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture 33. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 203. ISBN 0-7923-5522-9.
^ Bulgarian Folk Customs, Mercia MacDermott, pg 27
^ "Phytochemicals.info:Coumarin". Retrieved 2011-11-26.
^ Edwards WC, Burrows GE, Tyr RJ: 1984, Toxic plants of Oklahoma:clovers. Okla Vet Med Assoc 36:30-32.
^ Behzad Yamini, Robert H. Poppenga, W. Emmett Braselton, Jr., and Lawrence J. Judge (1995). "Dicoumarol (moldy sweet clover) toxicosis in a group of Holstein calves". J Vet Diagn Invest 7:420-422.
^ Five Acres and Independence by M.G. Kains. 1973.
^ "Species Nomenclature in GRIN". Retrieved 2010-08-04.

English Journal

Use of the Accordion Severity Grading System for negative outcomes of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Noszczyk BH, Nowak M, Krześniak N.SourceDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: noszczyk@melilot.pl.
Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS.J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg.2013 May 10. pii: S1748-6815(13)00218-0. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2013.04.016. [Epub ahead of print]
A universal classification of the negative outcomes of carpal tunnel release surgery does not, as yet, exist. In order to avoid the use of arbitrary factors we have applied the Accordion Severity Grading System, which uses rigorously defined qualitative terms to classify complications. It also provi
PMID 23668952

Severe liver dysfunction possibly caused by the combination of interferon beta-1b therapy and melilot (sweet clover) supplement.

Tamura S, Warabi Y, Matsubara S.SourceDepartment of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics.J Clin Pharm Ther.2012 Dec;37(6):724-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2012.01350.x. Epub 2012 May 30.
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: We report a case of severe liver dysfunction exacerbated after interferon beta (IFNB)-1b injection in a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) who had been taking a melilot (sweet clover) supplement. Although IFNB-1b therapy for MS can cause mild liver dysfunction, severe
PMID 22642738

Control of Xiphinema index populations by fallow plants under greenhouse and field conditions.

Villate L, Morin E, Demangeat G, Van Helden M, Esmenjaud D.SourceINRA, UMR 1099 BiO3P F-35653 Le Rheu, France.
Phytopathology.Phytopathology.2012 Jun;102(6):627-34. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-01-12-0007.
The dagger nematode Xiphinema index has a high economic impact in vineyards by direct pathogenicity and above all by transmitting the Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV). Agrochemicals have been largely employed to restrict the spread of GFLV by reducing X. index populations but are now banned. As an alt
PMID 22376084

Related Pictures

melilot | Clevedon Pill The Health Benefits of Melilot Herb | Health Benefits Photo : mélilot officinal Tout savoir sur les plantes médicinales Grand Mlilot ou Mlilot lev - Melilotus altissimus Melilot (Golden) / Golden Melilot / Tall Melilot - Wild Flower Finder Mélilot | IESV

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「メリロット」「メリロート」「セイヨウエビラハギ」
拡張検索	「Sinorhizobium meliloti」

「メリロット」

Melilotus
	Melilotus officinalis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Faboideae
Tribe:	Trifolieae
Genus:	Melilotus; L.
Species
	See text
Synonyms
	Brachylobus Dulac (1867); Melilothus Homem. (1819); Meliloti Medik. (1787); Meliotus Steud. (1841); Sertula O. Ktze. (1891)

　　[★]

英: melilot
関: セイヨウエビラハギ、メリロート

「メリロート」

　　[★]

英: melilot
関: メリロット、セイヨウエビラハギ

「セイヨウエビラハギ」

　　[★]

英: melilot
関: メリロット、メリロート

「Sinorhizobium meliloti」

　　[★]

同: S. meliloti、シノリゾビウム・メリロティ、シノリゾビウム・メリロッティ、アルファルファ根粒菌; リゾビウム・メリロティ Rhizobium meliloti

[Mediterranean-1] Woodgate, Katherine; Maxted, Nigel; Bennett, Sarita Jane (1996). "Genetic resources of Mediterranean pasture and forage legumes". In Bennett, Sarita Jane; Cocks, Philip Stanley. Genetic resources of Mediterranean pasture and forage legumes. Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture 33. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 203. ISBN 0-7923-5522-9.

[Bulgarian_Folk_Customs_pg_27-2] Bulgarian Folk Customs, Mercia MacDermott, pg 27

[3] "Phytochemicals.info:Coumarin". Retrieved 2011-11-26.

[4] Edwards WC, Burrows GE, Tyr RJ: 1984, Toxic plants of Oklahoma:clovers. Okla Vet Med Assoc 36:30-32.

[5] Behzad Yamini, Robert H. Poppenga, W. Emmett Braselton, Jr., and Lawrence J. Judge (1995). "Dicoumarol (moldy sweet clover) toxicosis in a group of Holstein calves". J Vet Diagn Invest 7:420-422.

[6] Five Acres and Independence by M.G. Kains. 1973.

[7] "Species Nomenclature in GRIN". Retrieved 2010-08-04.

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