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any of various organs that synthesize substances needed by the body and release it through ducts or directly into the bloodstream (同)secretory organ, secretor, secreter

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(生物体内の)腺(せん)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/26 13:38:04」(JST)

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The meibomian glands (or tarsal glands) are a special kind of sebaceous gland at the rim of the eyelids inside the tarsal plate, responsible for the supply of meibum, an oily substance that prevents evaporation of the eye's tear film. Meibum prevents tear spillage onto the cheek, trapping tears between the oiled edge and the eyeball, and makes the closed lids airtight.^[1] There are approximately 50 glands on the upper eyelids and 25 glands on the lower eyelids.

Dysfunctional meibomian glands often cause dry eyes, one of the more common eye conditions. They may also contribute to blepharitis.

Function

Meibum

Lipids

Lipids are the major components of meibum (also known as "meibomian gland secretions"). The term "meibum" was originally introduced by Nicolaides et al. in 1981.^[2]

The biochemical composition of meibum is extremely complex and very different from that of sebum. Lipids are universally recognized as major components of human and animal meibum. Recently, an update on the composition of human meibum and on the structures of various positively identified meibomian lipids was published.^[3]

Currently, the most sensitive and informative approach to lipidomic analysis of meibum is mass spectrometry in combination with liquid chromatography.^[4]

Proteins

In humans, more than 90 different proteins have been identified in meibomian gland secretions.^[5]

Clinical significance

Dysfunctional meibomian glands often cause dry eyes, one of the more common eye conditions. They may also contribute to blepharitis. Inflammation of the meibomian glands (also known as meibomitis, meibomian gland dysfunction, or posterior blepharitis) causes the glands to be obstructed by thick waxy secretions. Besides leading to dry eyes, the obstructions can be degraded by bacterial lipases, resulting in the formation of free fatty acids, which irritate the eyes and sometimes cause punctate keratopathy.

Meibomian gland dysfunction is more often seen in women and is regarded as the main cause of dry eye disease.^[6]^[7] Factors that contribute to meibomian gland dysfunction can include things such as a person's age and/or hormones.^[8] Treatment can include warm compresses or expression of the gland by a professional. In some cases antibiotics or steroids are prescribed.

History

The glands are named after Heinrich Meibom (1638–1700), a German physician.

References

^ "eye, human." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2010.
^ Nicolaides, N; Kaitaranta, JK; Rawdah, TN; Macy, JI; Boswell, FM; Smith, RE (Apr 1981). "Meibomian gland studies: comparison of steer and human lipids". Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 20 (4): 522–536. PMID 7194326.
^ Butovich IA (November 2009). "The Meibomian puzzle: combining pieces together". Prog Retin Eye Res 28 (6): 483–498. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2009.07.002. PMC 2783885. PMID 19660571.
^ Butovich, IA (2009). "Lipidomic analysis of human meibum using HPLC-MSⁿ". Methods Mol Biol 579: 221–246. doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-322-0_11. PMID 19763478.
^ Tsai, PS; Evans, JE; Green, KM; Sullivan, RM; Schaumberg, DA; Richards, SM; Dana, MR; Sullivan, DA (March 2006). "Proteomic analysis of human meibomian gland secretions". Br J Ophthalmol 90 (3): 372–7. doi:10.1136/bjo.2005.080846. PMC 1856970. PMID 16488965.
^ "Managing and Making Sense of MGD". Review of Ophtamology. 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
^ "Rethinking Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: How to Spot It, Stage It and Treat It". American Academy of Ophthalmology. 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
^ "The Role of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Lid Wiper Epitheliopathy in Dry Eye Disease". American Academy of Optometry. 2012. Retrieved February 26, 2014.

External links

synd/541 at Who Named It?
Rethinking Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: How to Spot It, Stage It and Treat It

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 眼瞼炎 blepharitis
2. 眼瞼の病変 eyelid lesions
3. 眼性酒さ ocular rosacea
4. シェーグレン症候群におけるドライアイの治療 treatment of dry eye in sjogrens syndrome
5. ドライアイ dry eyes

English Journal

Meibomian gland dropout in patients with dry eye disease in china.

Feng Y1, Gao Z, Feng K, Qu H, Hong J.
Current eye research.Curr Eye Res.2014 Oct;39(10):965-72. doi: 10.3109/02713683.2014.891748. Epub 2014 Jul 22.
Abstract Purpose: To examine the morphological changes in the meibomian glands of eyes of patients with dry eye disease using the non-contact infrared meibography system and to assess their relationship with meibomian dropout, signs, and tear-film function.METHODS: Subjects included 264 randomly sel
PMID 25051400

Topical voriconazole therapy of Purpureocillium lilacinum keratitis that occurred in disposable soft contact lens wearers.

Todokoro D1, Yamada N, Fukuchi M, Kishi S.
International ophthalmology.Int Ophthalmol.2014 Oct;34(5):1159-63. doi: 10.1007/s10792-014-9965-1. Epub 2014 Jun 29.
The objective of this study was to describe 2 cases of keratitis caused by Purpureocillium lilacinum (formerly Paecilomyces lilacinus) that occurred in disposable contact lens users, which were successfully treated with topical voriconazole. Case 1 was a healthy 44-year-old woman, who wore weekly di
PMID 24974133

Orbicularis Oculi Weakness and Obstructive Meibomian Gland Disease.

Allen RC1, Wise RJ2.
JAMA ophthalmology.JAMA Ophthalmol.2014 Sep 11. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.2986. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 25210995

Japanese Journal

難治性角膜フリクテンの1例

新澤恵,冨田隆太郎,伊勢重之 [他]
あたらしい眼科 32(3), 405-408, 2015-03
NAID 40020415217

CLINICAL INVESTIGATION : Meibomian gland loss due to trabeculectomy

Sagara Hideto,Sekiryu Tetsuju,Noji Hiroki [他]
Japanese journal of ophthalmology : the official international journal of the Japanese Ophthalmological Society 58(4), 334-341, 2014-07
NAID 40020124489

Three-dimensional volumetric human meibomian gland investigation using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography

Ju Myeong Jin,Shin Jun Geun,Lee Byeong Ha,Hoshi Sujin,Yasuno Yoshiaki,Tang Shuo,Eom Tae Joong
Journal of biomedical optics 19(3), 30503, 2014-03
… In this study, polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) capable of providing polarization contrasts such as phase retardation and degree of polarization uniformity (DOPU) was used for visualizing human meibomian glands (MGs) and investigating morphological characteristics of them. …
NAID 120005464843

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「瞼板腺」「tarsal gland」
拡張検索	「meibomian gland dysfunction」

「瞼板腺」

Meibomian gland
	Front of left eye with eyelids separated to show medial canthus and openings of tarsal (meibomian) glands.
Details
Identifiers
Latin	glandulae tarsales
MeSH	A09.371.337.614
Dorlands; /Elsevier	g_06/12392757
TA	A15.2.07.042
FMA	71872
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]