関: mastoid process、processus mastoideus

WordNet

of or relating to or in the region of the mastoid process
process of the temporal bone behind the ear at the base of the skull (同)mastoid_process, mastoid bone, mastoidal
relating to or resembling a nipple (同)mastoidal

PrepTutorEJDIC

乳様突起の / 〈C〉乳様突起(耳の後ろの側頭骨にある)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/01/22 13:37:13」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

The mastoid part of the temporal bone is the back part of the temporal bone. Its rough surface gives attachment to various muscles and it has openings for the transmission of blood vessels. From its borders the mastoid part articulates with two other bones.

Surfaces

Mastoid process shown in red

Its outer surface is rough, and gives attachment to the occipitalis and posterior auricular muscles. It is perforated by numerous foramina (holes); one of these, of large size, situated near the posterior border, is termed the mastoid foramen; it transmits a vein to the transverse sinus and a small branch of the occipital artery to the dura mater.

The position and size of this foramen are very variable; it is not always present; sometimes it is situated in the occipital bone, or in the suture between the temporal and the occipital.

The mastoid portion is continued below into a conical or pyramidal projection, the mastoid process, the size and form of which vary somewhat; it is larger in the male than in the female. It is also filled with sinuses, or mastoid cells. The mastoid process is located just behind the ear canal, and lateral to the styloid process.

The mastoid process serves for the attachment of the sternocleidomastoid, the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, splenius capitis, and longissimus capitis.

On the medial side of the process is a deep groove, the mastoid notch, for the attachment of the digastric muscle; medial to this is a shallow furrow, the occipital groove, which lodges the occipital artery.

The inner surface of the mastoid portion presents a deep, curved groove, the sigmoid sulcus, which lodges part of the transverse sinus; in it may be seen in the opening of the mastoid foramen.

The groove for the transverse sinus is separated from the innermost of the mastoid cells by a very thin lamina of bone, and even this may be partly deficient.

Borders

The superior border of the mastoid part is broad and serrated, for articulation with the mastoid angle of the parietal.

The posterior border, also serrated, articulates with the inferior border of the occipital between the lateral angle and jugular process.

Anteriorly the mastoid portion is fused with the descending process of the squama above; below it enters into the formation of the ear canal and the tympanic cavity.

Spaces

A section of the mastoid process shows it to be hollowed out into a number of spaces, the mastoid cells, which exhibit the greatest possible variety as to their size and number. At the upper and front part of the process they are large and irregular and contain air, but toward the lower part they diminish in size, while those at the apex of the process are frequently quite small and contain marrow; occasionally they are entirely absent, and the mastoid is then solid throughout.

In addition to these a large irregular cavity is situated at the upper and front part of the bone. It is called the tympanic antrum, and must be distinguished from the mastoid cells, though it communicates with them. Like the mastoid cells it is filled with air and lined by a prolongation of the mucous membrane of the tympanic cavity, with which it communicates. The tympanic antrum is bounded above by a thin plate of bone, the tegmen tympani, which separates it from the middle fossa of the base of the skull; below by the mastoid process; laterally by the squama just below the temporal line, and medially by the lateral semicircular canal of the internal ear which projects into its cavity. It opens in front into that portion of the tympanic cavity which is known as the attic or epitympanic recess. The tympanic antrum is a cavity of some considerable size at the time of birth; the mastoid air cells may be regarded as diverticula from the antrum, and begin to appear at or before birth; by the fifth year they are well-marked, but their development is not completed until toward puberty.

Development

The mastoid process is absent or rudimentary in the neonatal skull. It forms postnatally (starts to develop after 1 year old),^{[citation needed]} as the sternocleidomastoid muscle develops and pulls on the bone.

History

Etymology

The term “mastoid” is derived from the Greek word for “breast,” a reference to the shape of this bone.

Additional images

Coronal section of right temporal bone.
Left temporal bone. Inferior surface.
Base of skull. Inferior surface.
External and middle ear, opened from the front. Right side.
Dissection of the muscles of the palate from behind.
Mastoid part of the temporal bone.Base of skull.
Mastoid process
Left temporal bone, muscle attachments shown in red lines.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

External links

Anatomy photo:22:os-0403 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
"Anatomy diagram: 34257.000-1". Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator. Elsevier. Archived from the original on 2014-01-01.

lesson5 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
Diagram - #5 (source here)
"Anatomy diagram: 34257.000-1". Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator. Elsevier. Archived from the original on 2014-01-01.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 成人における慢性中耳炎、真珠腫、および乳様突起炎 chronic otitis media cholesteatoma and mastoiditis in adults
2. 小児における急性乳様突起炎：臨床的特徴および診断 acute mastoiditis in children clinical features and diagnosis
3. 小児における急性乳様突起炎：治療および予防 acute mastoiditis in children treatment and prevention
4. 成人における急性中耳炎（化膿性および漿液性） acute otitis media in adults suppurative and serous
5. 小児における急性中耳炎：疫学、微生物学、臨床症状、および合併症 acute otitis media in children epidemiology microbiology clinical manifestations and complications

English Journal

Application of hyperdry amniotic membrane patches without fibrin glue over the bony surface of mastoid cavities in canal wall down tympanoplasty.

Kanazawa Y, Shojaku H, Okabe M, Fujisaka M, Takakura H, Tachino H, Tsubota M, Watanabe Y, Nikaido T.SourceDepartment of Otolaryngology.
Acta oto-laryngologica.Acta Otolaryngol.2012 Dec;132(12):1282-7. doi: 10.3109/00016489.2012.701329. Epub 2012 Nov 6.
Abstract Conclusion: Fibrin glue might be an inessential bioadhesive for attachment of hyperdry amniotic membrane (AM) patches in canal wall down (CWD) tympanoplasty. Objective: To clarify the pliability and adherence capability of human hyperdry AM, the feasibility of fixing hyperdry AM without
PMID 23126613

Recurrent acute mastoiditis - a retrospective national study in Sweden.

Groth A, Enoksson F, Stalfors J, Stenfeldt K, Hultcrantz M, Hermansson A.SourceStrama Skåne, Grynmalaregatan 1 , Lund.
Acta oto-laryngologica.Acta Otolaryngol.2012 Dec;132(12):1275-81. doi: 10.3109/00016489.2012.709321. Epub 2012 Sep 2.
Abstract Conclusions: Recurrences were seen in 5% of all patients with acute mastoiditis (AM). Mastoidectomy had been performed in the majority of the patients with recurrences at their first episode of AM. Compared with the group with a single episode of AM, the recurrent group exhibited more su
PMID 22938013

Infantile Donovanosis Presenting as External Auditory Canal Polyps: A Diagnostic Trap.

Ramdial PK, Sing Y, Ramburan A, Naidu TK, Samuel EY, Bagratee JS, Calonje E.Source*Department of Anatomical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa †National Health Laboratory Service, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ‡Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Clinical Medicine §Department of Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences ¶Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ‖Department of Dermatopathology, St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
The American Journal of dermatopathology.Am J Dermatopathol.2012 Dec;34(8):818-821.
ABSTRACT:: Two infants, 6 months and 4 months of age, presented with bilateral or unilateral external auditory canal polyps and otorrhea, respectively. Additional findings on examination included otitis media and mastoiditis. Tympanic membrane perforation was noted in one patient and a postauricular
PMID 23169417

Japanese Journal

側頭下窩到達法(III 手術アプローチの選択とピットフォール-第24回微小脳神経外科解剖セミナーより-,微小脳神経外科解剖)

川原信隆
脳神経外科ジャーナル 20(Supplement_2), 207-214, 2011-10-20
側頭下窩は中頭蓋底に位置し,外側には顔面神経,下顎骨があるために手術到達法が比較的困難な領域である.大型病変では,側頭骨後半を削除するinfratemporal fossa approachが広く用いられてきている一方,正中から側方進展した病変にはmandibular swing approachも有用な方法である.しかし,前者は聴力消失と咬合障害が,後者では顔面切開が欠点となり,限局性病変には侵 …
NAID 110008790799

合併経錐体到達法の適応と手術の実際について(III 手術アプローチの選択とピットフォール-第24回微小脳神経外科解剖セミナーより-,微小脳神経外科解剖)

後藤剛夫,大畑建治
脳神経外科ジャーナル 20(Supplement_2), 186-193, 2011-10-20
前経錐体到達法と後経錐体到達法を組み合わせた合併経錐体到達法は,錐体斜台部病変に対して広くかつ浅い術野での手術を可能にするため非常に有用な到達法である.これまでこの到達法についてさまざまな手技的注意点や微小解剖に知見が報告され,手術法そのものは確立されつつある.しかし現在でも髄液漏,S状静脈洞損傷,錐体骨切除時の顔面神経,聴神経障害などの合併症が報告されている.今回われわれはこうした合併症を軽減す …
NAID 110008790796

海綿静脈洞の微小外科解剖(海綿静脈洞,I 頭蓋底静脈の基礎と臨床-第22回微小脳神経外科解剖セミナーより-,微小脳神経外科解剖)

安部洋,井上亨
脳神経外科ジャーナル 20(Supplement_2), 8-17, 2011-10-20
海綿静脈洞部腫瘍や傍前床突起内頚動脈瘤,海綿静脈洞部硬膜動静脈瘻など,海綿静脈洞部の病変に遭遇することはまれではない.海綿静脈洞は頭蓋底の中心にあり,複数の静脈路を有し,動静脈と脳神経,骨・膜構造物が密集している.海綿静脈洞の外側には側頭葉,上方には脳底槽,内側下方には下垂体・蝶形骨が隣接しており,これら周囲の構造物との位置関係を含めた解剖を理解することは,診断や外科的治療の際に重要である.また, …
NAID 110008790773

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「processus mastoideus」

「processus mastoideus」

Mastoid part of the temporal bone
	Side view of head, showing surface relations of bones.
	Occipitomastoid suture. (Temporal bone is in purple, and mastoid portion is immediately to the left of the tip of the arrow.)
Details
Identifiers
Latin	pars mastoidea ossis temporalis
Dorlands; /Elsevier	p_07/12617196
FMA	56088
	Anatomical terms of bone [edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

乳様突起

関: mastoid、mastoid process

匿名

検索

案内

案内

mastoid