WordNet

for or pertaining to or composed of men or boys; "the male lead"; "the male population"
an animal that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that can fertilize female gametes (ova)
a person who belongs to the sex that cannot have babies (同)male person
characteristic of a man; "a deep male voice"; "manly sports" (同)manful, manlike, manly, virile
being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that perform the fertilizing function in generation; "a male infant"; "a male holly tree"
tell the sex (of young chickens)
the properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of their reproductive roles; "she didnt want to know the sex of the foetus" (同)gender, sexuality
all of the feelings resulting from the urge to gratify sexual impulses; "he wanted a better sex life"; "the film contained no sex or violence" (同)sexual urge
either of the two categories (male or female) into which most organisms are divided; "the war between the sexes"
a drug that neutralizes or counteracts the effects of another drug
a muscle that relaxes while another contracts; "when bending the elbow the triceps are the antagonist"
the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect (同)endocrine, internal_secretion
informal terms for a mother (同)mama, mamma, mom, momma, mommy, mammy, mum, mummy

PrepTutorEJDIC

『男性の』,男の;(動物が)雄の,(植物が)雄性の / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(機械・器具などが)雄の差し込み口のある / 『男性』;(動物の)雄,雄性植物
〈U〉〈C〉『性』,性別 / 《the~》《形容詞を伴い集合的に》『男性』,『女性』 / 〈U〉(男女(雌雄)間の)相違[の意識] / 〈U〉性に関する事柄(情報) / 〈U〉性交 / 〈ひよこなど〉‘の'性別を見分ける
対立する人,敵対者,競争相手(opponent)
ホルモン
《M-》《話》おかあちゃん(mamma)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 先天性性腺刺激ホルモン放出ホルモン欠乏症（特発性低ゴナドトロピン性性腺機能低下） congenital gonadotropin releasing hormone deficiency idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
2. 加齢に伴う内分泌の変化 endocrine changes with aging
3. アスリートにおけるアンドロゲンおよびその他のホルモンの使用 use of androgens and other hormones by athletes
4. 性腺機能低下を呈する男性の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of male hypogonadism
5. アンドロゲン受容体障害の診断および治療 diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the androgen receptor

English Journal

Advances in androgen receptor targeted therapy for prostate cancer.

Ahmed A, Ali S, Sarkar FH.Author information Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Current research findings suggest that the androgen receptor (AR) and its signaling pathway contribute significantly to the progression of metastatic PCa. The AR is a ligand activated transcription factor, where androgens such as testosterone (T) and dihydroxytestosterone (DHT) act as the activating ligands. However in many metastatic PCa, the AR functions promiscuously and is constitutively active through multiple mechanisms. Inhibition of enzymes that take part in androgen synthesis or synthesizing antiandrogens that can inhibit the AR are two popular methods of impeding the androgen receptor signaling axis; however, the inhibition of androgen-independent activated AR function has not yet been fully exploited. This article focuses on the development of emerging novel agents that act at different steps along the androgen-AR signaling pathway to help improve the poor prognosis of PCa patients.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2014 Mar;229(3):271-6. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24456.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Current research findings suggest that the androgen receptor (AR) and its signaling pathway contribute significantly to the progression of metastatic PCa. The AR is a ligand activated transcription factor, where androgens such
PMID 24037862

A Dwarf Mouse Model With Decreased GH/IGF-1 Activity That Does Not Experience Life-Span Extension: Potential Impact of Increased Adiposity, Leptin, and Insulin With Advancing Age.

Berryman DE, Lubbers ER, Magon V, List EO, Kopchick JJ.Author information RD, LD, E338 Grover Center, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701. berrymad@ohio.edu.AbstractReduced growth hormone (GH) action is associated with extended longevity in many vertebrate species. GH receptor (GHR) null (GHR(-)(/-)) mice, which have a disruption in the GHR gene, are a well-studied example of mice that are insulin sensitive and long lived yet obese. However, unlike other mouse lines with reduced GH action, GH receptor antagonist (GHA) transgenic mice have reduced GH action yet exhibit a normal, not extended, life span. Understanding why GHA mice do not have extended life span though they share many physiological attributes with GHR(-)(/-) mice will help provide clues about how GH influences aging. For this study, we examined age- and sex-related changes in body composition, glucose homeostasis, circulating adipokines, and tissue weights in GHA mice and littermate controls. Compared with previous studies with GHR(-)(/-) mice, GHA mice had more significant increases in fat mass with advancing age. The increased obesity resulted in significant adipokine changes. Euglycemia was maintained in GHA mice; however, hyperinsulinemia developed in older male GHA mice. Overall, GHA mice experience a more substantial, generalized obesity accompanied by altered adipokine levels and glucose homeostasis than GHR(-)(/-) mice, which becomes more exaggerated with advancing age and which likely contributes to the lack of life-span extension in these mice.
The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.2014 Feb;69(2):131-41. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glt069. Epub 2013 May 21.
Reduced growth hormone (GH) action is associated with extended longevity in many vertebrate species. GH receptor (GHR) null (GHR(-)(/-)) mice, which have a disruption in the GHR gene, are a well-studied example of mice that are insulin sensitive and long lived yet obese. However, unlike other mouse
PMID 23695394

Endocannabinoid signaling in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis recovery following stress: Effects of indirect agonists and comparison of male and female mice.

Roberts CJ1, Stuhr KL1, Hutz MJ1, Raff H2, Hillard CJ3.Author information 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.2Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Aurora Research Foundation, Milwaukee, WI 53215, USA.3Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. Electronic address: chillard@mcw.edu.AbstractStudies in male rodents have shown that stress-induced increases in circulating corticosterone are increased by both CB1 receptor (CB1R) antagonist treatment and genetic deletion. The purposes of the current study were to determine whether female mice respond in the same manner as males, and whether indirect CB1R agonists accelerate the return of corticosterone to baseline. In agreement with earlier studies, CB1R null and rimonabant-treated male mice had significantly increased circulating corticosterone 30min following the end of a restraint episode compared to wild type and vehicle-treated, respectively. Females treated with rimonabant had significantly higher circulating corticosterone compared to vehicle. However, corticosterone concentrations were not different between CB1R null and wild type females at 30min recovery, although CB1R null mice had higher corticosterone concentrations at 90min of recovery. Female CB1R null mice exhibited greater serum binding capacity for corticosterone than wild type. The monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor, JZL184, attenuated corticosterone concentrations at restraint offset in male, and at 30min recovery in female mice compared to vehicle. Male mice treated with JZL184 exhibited greater concentrations of circulating corticosterone at 120min recovery, even in the absence of restraint. JZL184 had no effect on corticosterone concentrations in CB1R null mice. The fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor, URB597, did not affect corticosterone responses to restraint in male or female, wild type or CB1R null mice. These data suggest that 2-arachidonoylglycerol is the primary endocannabinoid involved in CB1R regulation of the recovery of the HPA axis from restraint stress. These data support a role for endocannabinoid-CB1R signaling in the regulation of the corticosterone response to restraint stress and suggest that female mice with life-long loss of the CB1R undergo compensatory changes that minimize the impact of loss of endocannabinoid signaling on circulating corticosterone.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior.Pharmacol Biochem Behav.2014 Feb;117:17-24. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.11.026. Epub 2013 Dec 5.
Studies in male rodents have shown that stress-induced increases in circulating corticosterone are increased by both CB1 receptor (CB1R) antagonist treatment and genetic deletion. The purposes of the current study were to determine whether female mice respond in the same manner as males, and whether
PMID 24316201

Japanese Journal

女性ホルモンエストロゲンとアドレナリンの血管形成に与える影響 : 培養血管内皮細胞を用いた検討

論集 51(1), 107-117, 2004-07-20
NAID 110004045622

「抗アンドロゲン薬」

　　[★]

英: antiandrogen
同: アンドロゲン拮抗薬 androgen antagonist、男性ホルモン拮抗薬 male sex hormone antagonist
関: 抗アンドロゲン、前立腺肥大症

[show details]

抗アンドロゲン剤 : 約 16,100 件
抗アンドロゲン薬 : 約 55,300 件
抗アンドロゲン製剤 : 約 1,100 件
抗男性ホルモン剤 : 約 12,800 件
抗男性ホルモン薬 : 約 33,400 件
抗男性ホルモン製剤 : 36 件
アンドロゲン拮抗薬 : 55 件
男性ホルモン拮抗薬 : 14 件