関: progressive interstitial pneumonia of sheep

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/09/30 17:46:09」(JST)

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"Medi" redirects here. For other uses, see Medi (disambiguation).

This article is about the Thracian tribe. For the viral cause of pneumonia in sheep, see visna.

The Maedi are visible in this regional map.

The Maedi (also Maidans, Maedans, or Medi), (Ancient Greek Μαῖδοι) were a Thracian or Illyrian^[1] tribe, which in historic times, occupied the area between Paionia and Thrace, on the southwestern fringes of Thrace, along the middle course of the Strymon, between the Kresna Gorge and the Rupel Pass (present-day south-western Bulgaria).^[2]^[3]^[4]

Their capital city was Iamphorynna^[5] which lay somewhere in the southwest corner of what is now Bulgaria.^[6] Some scientists posit it in the area between the cities of Petrich and Sandanski, but its exact location remains unknown.^[7]

They were an independent tribe through much of their history, and the Thracian king Sitalkes recognized their independence, along with several other warlike "border" tribes such as the Dardani, Agrianes, and Paeonians, whose lands formed a buffer zone between the powers of the Odrysians on the east and of Illyrian tribes in the west, while Macedon was located to the south of Paeonia. The ancient historian and biographer Plutarch describes Spartacus as "a Thracian of nomadic stock", referring to the Maedi. Plutarch also says Spartacus' wife, a prophetess of the same tribe, was enslaved with him.

In 89–84 bc (during the First Mithridatic War), the Maedi overran Macedon, looted Dodona^{[citation needed]}, and sacked Delphi^[8] as allies^{[citation needed]} of Mithridates. It is said that they made a habit of raiding Macedon when a king of Macedon was away on a campaign ^[9].Sulla after this ravaged^[10] the land of the Maedi. Aristotle recorded that bolinthos was the Maedan word for a species of wild Aurochses or Wisents that lived in the region.

A number of Maedi emigrated to Asia minor and were called MaedoBythini^[11] (Greek: Μαιδοβίθυνοι).

References

^ The Cambridge ancient history, Volume 3, Part 2 by Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen Edwards, pg.278
^ The Spartacus war, Barry S. Strauss, Simon and Schuster, 2009, ISBN 1-4165-3205-6, p.31.
^ The Cambridge Ancient History: pt. 1. The prehistory of the Balkans; and the Middle East and the Aegean world, tenth to eighth centuries B.C, Cambridge University Press, 1982, p. 601.
^ The Assyrian and Babylonian empires and other states of the Near East, from the eighth to the sixth centuries B.C., Volume 3, John Boardman, Cambridge University Press, 1991, ISBN 0-521-22717-8, p. 601.
^ Livy: History of Rome, VII, Books 26-27 (Loeb Classical Library No. 367) by Livy and Frank Gardner Moore, 1943, page 96: "...waste the country and to besiege the city of Iamphorynna, the capital and citadel of Maedica..."
^ Hannibal's war: a military history of the Second Punic War, John Francis Lazenby, University of Oklahoma Press, 1998, ISBN 0-8061-3004-0, p.162.
^ М. Манов. Ямфорина или Форуна? Опит за проблематизация и локализация. – Археология, 2004, кн.1-2, 107-112.
^ The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature (Oxford Companions) by M. C. Howatson, 2006, ISBN 0-19-860081-X, page 73: "... of 89-85, when Athens, which had sided with *Mithridates, was sacked and in part destroyed by the Roman general *Sulla [...] Greece suffered severely, both from Sulla and from the barbarian allies of Mithridates, who sacked Delphi..."
^ Titus Livius, "...into Macedonia and thence into Thrace and against the Maedi [...] that tribe had been in the habit of making raids into Macedonia, whenever it knew that the king was engaged in a foreign war and the kingdom unprotected."
^ Plutarch, Sulla, "Upon these assurances Sulla sent him away, and then himself invaded the country of the Maedi and after ravaging the most of it..."
^ The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond, ISBN 0-521-22717-8, 1992, page 601: "Earlier certain tribes of the Maedi emigrated to Asia minor were they were known by the name of the MaedoBythini..."

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English Journal

SNPs in APOBEC3 cytosine deaminases and their association with Visna/Maedi disease progression.

Esparza-Baquer A1, Larruskain A1, Mateo-Abad M2, Minguijón E3, Juste RA3, Benavides J4, Pérez V4, Jugo BM5.
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology.Vet Immunol Immunopathol.2015 Feb 15;163(3-4):125-33. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.11.007. Epub 2014 Nov 24.
The Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) genes are able to inhibit the replication of a wide range of exogenous retroviruses, as well as endogenous retroviruses and retrotransposons. Three APOBEC3 genes, named APOBEC3Z1, APOBEC3Z2 and APOBEC3Z3, have been described in
PMID 25532445

Identification and characterization of an emerging small ruminant lentivirus circulating recombinant form (CRF).

L'Homme Y1, Leboeuf A2, Arsenault J3, Fras M4.
Virology.Virology.2015 Jan 15;475:159-71. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.11.006. Epub 2014 Dec 5.
The molecular epidemiology of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) is constantly changing due to animal movements, cross species transmission and because of their rapid evolutionary rate. This study reports a comprehensive genetic and phylogenetic analysis based on consensus gag and pol sequences cov
PMID 25462356

Recent advances in understanding the genetic resources of sheep breeds locally-adapted to the UK uplands: opportunities they offer for sustainable productivity.

Bowles D1.
Frontiers in genetics.Front Genet.2015 Feb 12;6:24. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00024. eCollection 2015.
Locally adapted breeds of livestock are of considerable interest since they represent potential reservoirs of adaptive fitness traits that may contribute to the future of sustainable productivity in a changing climate. Recent research, involving three hill sheep breeds geographically concentrated in
PMID 25729388

Japanese Journal

Isolation of Maedi/Visna Virus from a Sheep in Japan

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 76(2), 211-218, 2014
NAID 130003382361

国内で発生した山羊関節炎・脳脊髄炎 : 発症山羊からのウイルス分離(ウイルス学)

The journal of veterinary medical science 66(8), 911-917, 2004-08-25
NAID 110003886484

The influence of CD4 and CXCR4 on maedi-visna virus-induced syncytium formation

APMIS 110, 697-708, 2002
NAID 30022965073

Related Pictures

Älteres MAEDI-infiziertes Kamerunschaf Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Maedi Visna /galeries/mammite/maedi visna/images Maedi–Visna: Sheep, lung. Lung fails to pulmonary Maedi. (Photograph LM Ferrer abgemagertes, MAEDI-infiziertes Texelschaf Visna-Maedi; Virus Maedi; Virus Maedi Maedi–visna: Ovino, pulmón. El pulmón