Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/29 08:30:49」(JST)

wiki en

A maculopapular rash is a type of rash characterized by a flat, red area on the skin that is covered with small confluent bumps. The term "maculopapular" is a compound: macules are small, flat discolored spots on the surface of the skin; and papules are small, raised bumps. It is also described as erythematous, or red. Dermatologists do not recommend the use of "maculopapular", but rather would suggest the use of "morbilliform" to describe such a rash.

This type of rash is common in several diseases and medical conditions, including scarlet fever, measles, rubella, secondary syphilis, erythrovirus (parvovirus B19), and heat rash. It is also a common manifestation of a skin reaction to the antibiotic amoxicillin or chemotherapy drugs.^[1] Cutaneous infiltration of leukemic cells may also have this appearance. Maculopapular rash is seen in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) developed after a blood transfusion, which can be seen within one week or several weeks after the blood transfusion. In the case of GVHD, the maculopapular rash may progress to a condition similar to toxic epidermal necrolysis.^[2] In addition, this is the type of rash that patients presenting with Ebola hemorrhagic (EBO-Z) fever will reveal. It is also seen in patients with Marburg hemorrhagic fever, a filovirus not unlike Ebola.

This type of rash can be as a result of large doses of niacin or no-flush niacin (2000 – 2500 mg),^{[citation needed]} used for the management of low HDL cholesterol.^[3]

This type of rash can also be a symptom of Sea bather's eruption. This stinging, pruritic, maculopapular rash affects swimmers in some Atlantic locales (e.g., Florida, Caribbean, Long Island). It is caused by hypersensitivity to stings from the larvae of the sea anemone (e.g., Edwardsiella lineate) or the thimble jellyfish (Linuche unguiculata). The rash appears where the bathing suit contacts the skin. [See http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries_poisoning/bites_and_stings/marine_bites_and_stings.html]

References[edit]

^ Managing allergic reactions to chemotherapy, chemocare.com
^ Graft Versus Host Disease, emedicine.com
^ McGovern ME (2005). "Taking aim at HDL-C. Raising levels to reduce cardiovascular risk". Postgrad Med 117 (4): 29–30, 33–5, 39 passim. doi:10.3810/pgm.2005.04.1610. PMID 15842130.

This dermatology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

English Journal

Unusual manifestation of cutaneous sarcoidosis: a case report of morpheaform sarcoidosis.

Vasaghi A, Kalafi A.Author information Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Vasaghi@sums.ac.irAbstractSarcoidosis is multi organ disease with cutaneous manifestation in 20%-35% patients. Cutaneous sarcoidosis has variable manifestations that make it difficult to diagnose. So clinical, histopathologic and laboratory evaluation is needed for diagnosis. Most of cutaneous lesions presents as nodul, maculopapule and plaque. Morpheaform lesion is a rare presentation of cutaneous sarcoidosis. This case had multiple indurated scaly plaques resemble morphea with granulomatous pattern in histopathologic examination. The patient responded to prednisolone in addition to hydroxychloroquine.
Acta medica Iranica.Acta Med Iran.2012;50(9):648-51.
Sarcoidosis is multi organ disease with cutaneous manifestation in 20%-35% patients. Cutaneous sarcoidosis has variable manifestations that make it difficult to diagnose. So clinical, histopathologic and laboratory evaluation is needed for diagnosis. Most of cutaneous lesions presents as nodul, macu
PMID 23165817

Cutaneous cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant recipients.

Sun HY, Alexander BD, Lortholary O, Dromer F, Forrest GN, Lyon GM, Somani J, Gupta KL, Del Busto R, Pruett TL, Sifri CD, Limaye AP, John GT, Klintmalm GB, Pursell K, Stosor V, Morris MI, Dowdy LA, Muñoz P, Kalil AC, Garcia-Diaz J, Orloff SL, House AA, Houston SH, Wray D, Huprikar S, Johnson LB, Humar A, Razonable RR, Fisher RA, Husain S, Wagener MM, Singh N; Cryptococcal Collaborative Transplant Study Group.Author information VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA.AbstractClinical manifestations, treatment, and outcomes of cutaneous cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are not fully defined. In a prospective cohort comprising 146 SOT recipients with cryptococcosis, we describe the presentation, antifungal therapy, and outcome of cutaneous cryptococcal disease. Cutaneous cryptococcosis was documented in 26/146 (17.8%) of the patients and manifested as nodular/mass (34.8%), maculopapule (30.4%), ulcer/pustule/abscess (30.4%), and cellulitis (30.4%) with 65.2% of the skin lesions occurred in the lower extremities. Localized disease developed in 30.8% (8/26), and disseminated disease in 69.2% (18/26) with involvement of the central nervous system (88.9%, 16/18), lung (33.3%, 6/18), or fungemia (55.6%, 10/18). Fluconazole (37.5%) was employed most often for localized and lipid formulations of amphotericin B (61.1%) for disseminated disease. Overall mortality at 90 days was 15.4% (4/26) with 16.7% in disseminated and 12.5% in localized disease (P = 0.78). SOT recipients who died were more likely to have renal failure (75.0% vs. 13.6%, P = 0.028), longer time to onset of disease after transplantation (87.5 vs. 22.6 months, P = 0.023), and abnormal mental status (75% vs. 13.6%, P = 0.028) than those who survived. Cutaneous cryptococcosis represents disseminated disease in most SOT recipients and preferentially involves the extremities. Outcomes with appropriate management were comparable between SOT recipients with localized and disseminated cryptococcosis.
Medical mycology.Med Mycol.2010 Sep;48(6):785-91. doi: 10.3109/13693780903496617.
Clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcomes of cutaneous cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are not fully defined. In a prospective cohort comprising 146 SOT recipients with cryptococcosis, we describe the presentation, antifungal therapy, and outcome of cutaneous cryptoc
PMID 20100136