卵形嚢斑
WordNet
- a small yellowish central area of the retina that is rich in cones and that mediates clear detailed vision (同)macula_lutea, macular_area, yellow_spot
- a small pouch into which the semicircular canals open (同)utriculus
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
- OLD French古[代]フランス語
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/17 17:36:31」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Macula of utricle |
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illustration of otolith organs showing detail of utricle, otoconia, endolymph, cupula, macula, hair cell filaments, and saccular nerve
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| Details |
| Identifiers |
| Latin |
macula utriculi |
Dorlands
/Elsevier |
m_01/12509297 |
| TA |
A15.3.03.083 |
| FMA |
74960 |
| Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
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The macula of the utricle, or utricular macula is the region of the utricle that receives the utricular filaments of the vestibulocochlear nerve. The portion of the utricle that forms the macula forms a sort of pouch or cul-de-sac, with a thickened floor and anterior wall. The macula of utricle allows a person to perceive changes in longitudinal acceleration (in horizontal directions only).
Contents
- 1 Layers
- 2 Signals
- 3 References
- 4 External links
Layers
The macula consists of three layers.
The bottom layer is made of sensory hair cells which are embedded in bottom of a gelatinous layer. Each hair cells consists of 40 to 70 steriocilia and a kinocilium, which lies in the middle of the steriocilia and is the most important receptor.
On top of this layer lie calcium carbonate crystals called statoconia or otoliths. The otoliths are relatively heavy, providing weight to the membrane as well as inertia. This allows for a greater sense of gravity and motion.
The gelatinous layer and the statoconia together are referred to as the otolithic membrane, where the tips of the stereocilia and kinocilium are embedded. When the head is tilted such that gravity pulls on the statoconia the gelatinous layer is pulled in the same direction also causing the sensory hairs to bend.
Signals
Unbent and at rest hairs in the macula have a base rate of depolarization of 90-100 action potentials a second. The brain suppresses this, and we ignore it and know that our body is stabilized. If the head moves or the body accelerates or decelerates, then bending occurs.
Depending on the direction of bending, the hair cells will either be excited or inhibited resulting in either an increase or decrease in firing frequency of the hair cells.
The macula is also sensitive to linear acceleration as the inertia possessed by the statoconia can also shift the gelatinous layer during increases and decreases in linear velocity.
References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
External links
- http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h&b/textbook/chap-7.html#Obj2
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Anatomy of hearing and balance
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| Outer ear |
- Auricle
- helix
- antihelix
- tragus
- antitragus
- intertragic notch
- earlobe
- Ear canal
- Auricular muscles
- Eardrum
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| Middle ear |
| Tympanic cavity |
- Medial structures
- oval window
- round window
- secondary tympanic membrane
- prominence of facial canal
- promontory of tympanic cavity
- Posterior structures
- mastoid cells
- aditus to mastoid antrum
- pyramidal eminence
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| Ossicles |
- Malleus
- superior ligament
- lateral ligament
- anterior ligament
- Incus
- superior ligament
- posterior ligament
- Stapes
- Muscles
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Auditory tube /
Eustachian tube |
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Inner ear/
(membranous labyrinth,
bony labyrinth) |
Auditory system/
Cochlear labyrinth |
| General cochlea |
- Vestibular duct
- Helicotrema
- Tympanic duct
- Modiolus
- Cochlear cupula
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| Perilymphatic space |
- Perilymph
- Cochlear aqueduct
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Cochlear duct /
scala media |
- Reissner's/vestibular membrane
- Basilar membrane
- Reticular membrane
- Endolymph
- Stria vascularis
- Spiral ligament
- Organ of Corti
- Tectorial membrane
- Sulcus spiralis
- Spiral limbus
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| Cells |
- Claudius cell
- Boettcher cell
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Vestibular system/
Vestibular labyrinth |
| Vestibule |
- Utricle
- Saccule
- Kinocilium
- Otolith
- Vestibular aqueduct
- endolymphatic duct
- endolymphatic sac
- Ductus reuniens
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| Semicircular canals |
- Superior semicircular canal
- Posterior semicircular canal
- Horizontal semicircular canal
- Ampullary cupula
- Ampullae
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Diversity of Inner Ears in Fishes: Possible Contribution Towards Hearing Improvements and Evolutionary Considerations.
- Schulz-Mirbach T1, Ladich F2.
- Advances in experimental medicine and biology.Adv Exp Med Biol.2016;877:341-91. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-21059-9_16.
- Fishes have evolved the largest diversity of inner ears among vertebrates. While G. Retzius introduced us to the diversity of the gross morphology of fish ears in the late nineteenth century, it was A. N. Popper who unraveled the large variety of the fine structure during the last four decades. Modi
- PMID 26515322
- Superior canal dehiscence reveals concomitant unilateral utricular loss (UUL).
- Manzari L1, Burgess AM, MacDougall HG, Curthoys IS.
- Acta oto-laryngologica.Acta Otolaryngol.2015 Jun;135(6):557-64. doi: 10.3109/00016489.2014.999877. Epub 2015 Feb 26.
- CONCLUSION: We report enhanced symmetrical cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) but asymmetrical ocular VEMP (oVEMP) responses in a patient with CT-verified bilateral superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SCD) but with acute vestibular syndrome. This implies that absence of unilat
- PMID 25719967
- Otolith tethering in the zebrafish otic vesicle requires Otogelin and α-Tectorin.
- Stooke-Vaughan GA1, Obholzer ND2, Baxendale S1, Megason SG2, Whitfield TT3.
- Development (Cambridge, England).Development.2015 Mar 15;142(6):1137-45. doi: 10.1242/dev.116632.
- Otoliths are biomineralised structures important for balance and hearing in fish. Their counterparts in the mammalian inner ear, otoconia, have a primarily vestibular function. Otoliths and otoconia form over sensory maculae and are attached to the otolithic membrane, a gelatinous extracellular matr
- PMID 25758224
Japanese Journal
- 鶏胚前庭神経節細胞の発生学的研究 : 末梢前庭感覚器発生との関連について
- 山下 裕司,関谷 透
- 日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 91(11), 1898-1909, 1988
- … The morphogenetic development of the vestibular ganglion cells, nerve fibers and otic vesicle in the chick embryos from 3.5-day-old chick embryos until one day after birth of the chick of White Leghorns was investigated using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and lectins HRP methods.The results were as follows:1. …
- NAID 130000808489
- カエル卵形嚢斑の生理学的極性 : クプラによる刺激効果について
- 鈴木 衛,原田 康夫,平川 治男,平川 勝洋,小村 良
- Equilibrium Research 46(2), 184-187, 1987
- … The frog utricle and its nerve were isolated with the anterior and the lateral semicircular canal ampullae in frog Ringers solution. … The cupula of the anterior semicircular canal was removed and was sectioned in half. … The halved cupula was stuck into the tip of a glass microelectrode which was mounted on a micromanipulator. … The base of the cupula was gently placed on the macula. …
- NAID 130000853806
Related Links
- mac·u·la of u·tri·cle [TA] the neuroepithelial sensory receptor in the inferolateral wall of the utricle; hair cells of the neuroepithelium support the statoconial membrane and have terminal arborizations of vestibular nerve fibers around their ...
- mac·u·la of u·tri·cle [TA] the neuroepithelial sensory receptor in the inferolateral wall of the utricle; hair cells of the neuroepithelium support the statoconial membrane and have terminal arborizations of vestibular nerve fibers around their ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- macula of utricle
- ラ
- macula utriculi
- 同
- 卵形嚢平衡斑
- 関
- 卵形嚢
[★]
- 同
- maculo