lumbar spine

腰椎

関

lumbar、lumbar vertebra、lumbar vertebrae

WordNet

1. work natural fibers into a thread; "spin silk"
2. prolong or extend; "spin out a visit" (同)spin out
3. the act of rotating rapidly; "he gave the crank a spin"; "it broke off after much twisting" (同)twirl, twist, twisting, whirl
4. a distinctive interpretation (especially as used by politicians to sway public opinion); "the campaign put a favorable spin on the story"
5. a short drive in a car; "he took the new car for a spin"
6. a swift whirling motion (usually of a missile)
7. revolve quickly and repeatedly around ones own axis; "The dervishes whirl around and around without getting dizzy" (同)spin around, whirl, reel, gyrate
8. form a web by making a thread; "spiders spin a fine web"
9. make up a story; "spin a yarn"
10. stream in jets, of liquids; "The creek spun its course through the woods"
11. twist and turn so as to give an intended interpretation; "The Presidents spokesmen had to spin the story to make it less embarrassing"
12. a small sharp-pointed tip resembling a spike on a stem or leaf (同)thorn, prickle, pricker, sticker, spikelet
13. the part of a books cover that encloses the inner side of the books pages and that faces outward when the book is shelved; "the title and author were printed on the spine of the book" (同)backbone
14. a sharp rigid animal process or appendage; as a porcupine quill or a ridge on a bone or a ray of a fish fin
15. of or relating to or near the part of the back between the ribs and the hipbones; "lumbar vertebrae"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (羊毛などから)〈糸など〉‘を'『紡ぐ』《+『名』+『out of』+『名』〈羊毛〉》,(糸などに)〈羊毛など〉‘を'紡ぐ《+『名』〈羊毛〉+『into』+『名』》 / 〈クモ・カイコなどが〉〈糸〉‘を'『吐く』;〈巣・繭〉‘を'かける / …‘を'くるくる回す / 〈物語など〉‘を'作る,話す / 『糸を紡ぐ』;〈クモ・カイコなどが〉糸を吐く / 〈こまなどが〉くるくる回る / 〈車などが〉疾走する / 〈頭などが〉くらくらする / 〈C〉〈U〉くるくる回すこと;回転 / 〈C〉《単数形で》(車などの)一走り / 〈C〉(飛行機の)きりもみ降下 / 〈C〉《単数形で》(価値などの)急落
2. (またspinal column,《話》backbone)せき柱,背骨 / (書物などの)背 / (ヤマアラシ・サボテンなどの)針,とげ
3. 腰の,腰部の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/03/09 16:33:09」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Bone: Lumbar vertebrae
Position of human lumbar vertebrae (shown in red). It consists of 5 bones, from top to down, L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5.
A typical lumbar vertebra
Latin	vertebrae lumbales
Gray's	subject #23 104

In human anatomy, the lumbar vertebrae are the five vertebrae between the rib cage and the pelvis. They are the largest segments of the vertebral column and are characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body. They are designated L1 to L5, starting at the top. The lumbar vertebrae help support the weight of the body, and permit movement.

Human anatomy

General characteristics

Lumbar vertebrae

These are the general characteristics of the first through fourth lumbar vertebrae. The fifth vertebra contains certain peculiarities, which are detailed below.

As with other vertebrae, each lumbar vertebra consists of a vertebral body and a vertebral arch. The vertebral arch, consisting of a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae, encloses the vertebral foramen (opening) and supports seven processes.

Body

The vertebral body of each lumbar vertebra is large, wider from side to side than from front to back, and a little thicker in front than in back. It is flattened or slightly concave above and below, concave behind, and deeply constricted in front and at the sides.

Arch

The pedicles are very strong, directed backward from the upper part of the vertebral body; consequently, the inferior vertebral notches are of considerable depth. The pedicles change in morphology from the upper lumbar to the lower lumbar. They increase in sagittal width from 9 mm to up to 18 mm at L5. They increase in angulation in the axial plane from 10 degrees to 20 degrees by L5. The pedicle is sometimes used as a portal of entrance into the vertebral body for fixation with pedicle screws or for placement of bone cement as with kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty.

The laminae are broad, short, and strong. They form the posterior portion of the vertebral arch. In the upper lumbar region the lamina are taller than wide but in the lower lumbar vertebra the lamina are wider than tall. The lamina connect the spinous process to the pedicles.

The vertebral foramen within the arch is triangular, larger than in the thoracic vertebrae, but smaller than in the cervical vertebrae.

Processes

The spinous process is thick, broad, and somewhat quadrilateral; it projects backward and ends in a rough, uneven border, thickest below where it is occasionally notched.

The superior and inferior articular processes are well-defined, projecting respectively upward and downward from the junctions of pedicles and laminae. The facets on the superior processes are concave, and look backward and medialward; those on the inferior are convex, and are directed forward and lateralward. The former are wider apart than the latter, since in the articulated column the inferior articular processes are embraced by the superior processes of the subjacent vertebra.

The transverse processes are long and slender. They are horizontal in the upper three lumbar vertebrae and incline a little upward in the lower two. In the upper three vertebrae they arise from the junctions of the pedicles and laminae, but in the lower two they are set farther forward and spring from the pedicles and posterior parts of the vertebral bodies. They are situated in front of the articular processes instead of behind them as in the thoracic vertebrae, and are homologous with the ribs.

Three portions or tubercles can be noticed in a transverse process of a lower lumbar vertebrae: the lateral or costiform process, the mammillary process, and the accessory process. The costiform is lateral, the mammillary is superior (cranial), and the accessory is inferior (caudal). The mammillary is connected in the lumbar region with the back part of the superior articular process. The accessory process is situated at the back part of the base of the transverse process. The tallest and thickest costiform process is usually that of L5.

First and fifth lumbar vertebrae

The fifth lumbar vertebra from above

The first lumbar vertebra is level with the anterior end of the ninth rib. This level is also called the important transpyloric plane, since the pylorus of the stomach is at this level.

The fifth lumbar vertebra is characterized by its body being much deeper in front than behind, which accords with the prominence of the sacrovertebral articulation; by the smaller size of its spinous process; by the wide interval between the inferior articular processes, and by the thickness of its transverse processes, which spring from the body as well as from the pedicles. The fifth lumbar vertebra is by far the most common site of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis.

Most individuals have five lumbar vertebrae, while some have four or six. Lumbar disorders that normally affect L5 will affect L4 or L6 in these latter individuals.

Segmental movements

The range of segmental movements in a single segment is difficult to measure clinically, not only because of variations between individuals, but also because it is age and gender dependent. Furthermore, flexion and extension in the lumbal spine is the product of a combination of rotation and translation in the sagittal plane between each vertebra.

Ranges of segmental movements in the lumbal spine (White and Panjabi, 1990) are (in degrees):

	L1-L2	L2-L3	L3-L4	L4-L5	L5-S1
Flexion/ Extension	12	14	15	16	17
Lateral flexion	6	6	8	6	3
Axial rotation	2	2	2	2	1

Evolutionary variation

Extant African apes have three and four lumbar vertebrae (Bonobos have different spines with an additional vertebra) and modern humans normally five. This difference, and because the lumbar spines of Nacholapithecus (a Miocene hominoid with six lumbar vertebrae and no tail) are similar to those of early Australopithecus and early Homo, it can be assumed that the Chimpanzee-human last common ancestor (PHLCA) also had a long axial column with a long lumbar region, and that the reduction in the number of lumbar vertebrae occurred independently in each ape clade. The limited number of lumbar vertebrae in chimpanzees and gorillas result in an inability to lordose their lumbar spines, in contrast to the spines of Old World monkeys and Nacholapithecus and Proconsul, which suggests that the PHLCA was not "short-backed" as previously believed.

Additional images

Position of lumbar vertebrae (shown in red). Animation.   Same as the left. Bones around the lumber vertebrae are shown as semi-transparent.   Shape of lumbar vertebrae (shown in blue and yellow). Animation.   Vertebral column.   Muscles of the iliac and anterior femoral regions. First lumbar vertebra second highest vertebra seen.   Orientation of vertebral column on surface. T3 is at level of medial part of spine of scapula. T7 is at inferior angle of the scapula. L4 is at highest point of iliac crest. S2 is at the level of posterior superior iliac spine. Furthermore, C7 is easily localized as a prominence at the lower part of the neck.   Vertebral column   A lumbar vertebra seen from the side   Ossification of lumbar vertebrae

See also

• Sacralization of the l5
• Bertolotti's syndrome
• Lumbarization of the s1
• Spinal disc herniation
• Lumbar spinal stenosis

References

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

External links

• "Lower back pain: Conditions and treatment". SpineUniverse. http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article44.html. Retrieved September 2012.
• "Virtual Spine — Online Learning Resource". Toronto Western Hospital Departement of Anesthesia. http://pie.med.utoronto.ca/VSpine/index.htm. Retrieved September 2012.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 胸腰椎脊柱損傷の評価 evaluation of thoracic and lumbar spinal column injury
• 2. 腰部脊柱管狭窄症：病態生理、臨床的特徴、および診断 lumbar spinal stenosis pathophysiology clinical features and diagnosis
• 3. 急性腰仙部神経根障害：病態生理、臨床的特徴、および診断 acute lumbosacral radiculopathy pathophysiology clinical features and diagnosis
• 4. 成人における選択的脊椎手術のための麻酔 anesthesia for elective spine surgery in adults
• 5. 成人における脊髄損傷：定義、機序、および放射線学的所見 spinal column injuries in adults definitions mechanisms and radiographs

English Journal

• Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone turnover markers in Palestinian postmenopausal osteoporosis and normal women.

• Kharroubi A1, Saba E2, Smoom R3, Bader K4, Darwish H5,6,7.
• Archives of osteoporosis.Arch Osteoporos.2017 Dec;12(1):13. doi: 10.1007/s11657-017-0306-7. Epub 2017 Jan 26.
• This study evaluated the association of vitamin D and bone markers with the development osteoporosis in Palestinian postmenopausal women. Even though vitamin D deficiency was very high for the recruited subjects, it was not associated with osteoporosis except for bones of the hip. Age and obesity we
• PMID 28124221

• Mesenchymal stem cells in lumbar spine surgery: a single institution experience about red bone marrow and fat tissue derived MSCs.

• Piccirilli M1, Delfinis CP, Santoro A, Salvati M.
• Journal of neurosurgical sciences.J Neurosurg Sci.2017 Apr;61(2):124-133. doi: 10.23736/S0390-5616.16.03266-X. Epub 2015 Jun 17.
• BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are undifferentiated, multipotent cells, which have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into many tissue types. MSCs have shown therapeutic applications in different medical fields and could represent a successful treatment of degenerative disc disea
• PMID 26082381

• Lumbar microdiscectomy for sciatica in adolescents: a multicentre observational registry-based study.

• Gulati S1,2,3, Madsbu MA1, Solberg TK4,5, Sørlie A4,5, Giannadakis C2,6, Skram MK7, Nygaard ØP1,2,3,5, Jakola AS8,9,10.
• Acta neurochirurgica.Acta Neurochir (Wien).2017 Mar;159(3):509-516. doi: 10.1007/s00701-017-3077-4. Epub 2017 Jan 16.
• BACKGROUND: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is rare in the adolescent population. Factors predisposing to LDH in adolescents differ from adults with more cases being related to trauma or structural malformations. Further, there are limited data on patient-reported outcomes after lumbar microdiscectomy
• PMID 28091818

Japanese Journal

• ゴルフと腰痛 : ロコモティブシンドロームと脊椎疾患

• 村田 豊,Murata Yutaka
• 四国医学雑誌 67(5-6), 205-206, 2011-12-25
• … Lumbar spinal disease is one of the“locomotive syndrome”. … Most common disease for advancedpeople is lumbar spinal canal stenosis（LSCS）, on the other hand, most common disease for youngadult people is lumbar disc herniation（LDH）. …
• NAID 120003836503

• Spinal Hemangioblastoma of Cauda Equina Origin Not Associated With Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome

• KUNIHIRO Noritsugu,TAKAMI Toshihiro,YAMAGATA Toru,TSUYUGUCHI Naohiro,OHATA Kenji
• Neurologia medico-chirurgica = 神経外科 51(10), 732-735, 2011-10-15
• A 50-year-old male presented with a rare case of hemangioblastoma of cauda equina origin, without clinical signs of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, manifesting as pain radiating from the back to the left …
• NAID 10029479363

Related Links

• lumbar spine - definition of lumbar spine by Medical dictionary

Lumbar spine The segment of the human spine above the pelvis that is involved in low back pain. There are five vertebrae, or bones, in the lumbar spine. Mentioned in: Low Back Pain lumbar spine (L-spine), that portion of the spine ...

• Lumbar Spine Anatomy and Pain

The lumbar spine refers to the lower back, where the spine curves inward toward the abdomen. Learn the several distinguishing characteristics of the lumbar spine and the commom causes of lower back pain.

Related Pictures

---

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「腰椎」「lumbar vertebra」
関連記事	「lumbar」「spine」「spin」

「腰椎」

　　[★]

英

lumbar vertebrae (N)

同

lumbar spine

ラ

vertebrae lumbales

関

椎骨、頚椎、胸椎

• 副突起、乳頭突起は腰椎に特徴的な構造

「lumbar vertebra」

　　[★]

腰椎

関

lumbar、lumbar spine、lumbar vertebrae

「lumbar」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 腰部の、腰椎の、腰椎部の、腰髄の

関

lumbar cord、lumbar part、lumbar region、lumbar spinal cord、lumbar spine、lumbar vertebra、lumbar vertebrae、pars lumbalis

　 　

「spine」

　　[★]

• n.

• 脊椎、脊柱、、とげ、棘突起

　 　 　 　

「spin」

　　[★]

• スピン