WordNet

having existed for a long time; "a longstanding friendship"; "the longstanding conflict"

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長く続いた,積年の

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1. 心房細動の概要 overview of atrial fibrillation
2. 甲状腺機能低下性ミオパチー hypothyroid myopathy
3. 関節リウマチにおける冠動脈疾患：疫学、病因、および危険因子 coronary artery disease in rheumatoid arthritis epidemiology pathogenesis and risk factors
4. 糖尿病性筋梗塞 diabetic muscle infarction
5. 筋力低下の評価における筋力検査 muscle examination in the evaluation of weakness

English Journal

HPLC-based monitoring of products formed from hydroethidine-based fluorogenic probes - The ultimate approach for intra- and extracellular superoxide detection.

Kalyanaraman B, Dranka BP, Hardy M, Michalski R, Zielonka J.Author information Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. Electronic address: balarama@mcw.edu.AbstractBACKGROUND: Nearly ten years ago, we demonstrated that superoxide radical anion (O2⋅¯) reacts with the hydroethidine dye (HE, also known as dihydroethidium, DHE) to form a diagnostic marker product, 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E(+)). This particular product is not derived from reacting HE with other biologically relevant oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, or peroxynitrite). This discovery negated the longstanding view that O2⋅¯ reacts with HE to form the other oxidation product, ethidium (E(+)). It became clear that due to the overlapping fluorescence spectra of E(+) and 2-OH-E(+), fluorescence-based techniques using the "red fluorescence" are not suitable for detecting and measuring O2⋅¯ in cells using HE or other structurally analogous fluorogenic probes (MitoSOX(TM) Red or hydropropidine). However, using HPLC-based assays, 2-OH-E(+) and analogous hydroxylated products can be easily detected and quickly separated from other oxidation products.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2014 Feb;1840(2):739-44. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.05.008. Epub 2013 May 10.
BACKGROUND: Nearly ten years ago, we demonstrated that superoxide radical anion (O2⋅¯) reacts with the hydroethidine dye (HE, also known as dihydroethidium, DHE) to form a diagnostic marker product, 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E(+)). This particular product is not derived from reacting HE with other
PMID 23668959

Lower Amygdala Volume in Men is Associated with Childhood Aggression, Early Psychopathic Traits, and Future Violence.

Pardini DA, Raine A, Erickson K, Loeber R.Author information Department of Psychiatry, the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: dap38@pitt.edu.AbstractBACKGROUND: Reduced amygdala volume has been implicated in the development of severe and persistent aggression and the development of psychopathic personality. With longitudinal data, the current study examined whether male subjects with lower amygdala volume have a history of aggression and psychopathic features dating back to childhood and are at increased risk for engaging in future aggression/violence.
Biological psychiatry.Biol Psychiatry.2014 Jan 1;75(1):73-80. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.04.003. Epub 2013 May 3.
BACKGROUND: Reduced amygdala volume has been implicated in the development of severe and persistent aggression and the development of psychopathic personality. With longitudinal data, the current study examined whether male subjects with lower amygdala volume have a history of aggression and psychop
PMID 23647988

Inference and coherence in causal-based artifact categorization.

Puebla G, Chaigneau SE.Author information Universidad de Tarapacá, General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile.AbstractIn four experiments, we tested conditions under which artifact concepts support inference and coherence in causal categorization. In all four experiments, participants categorized scenarios in which we systematically varied information about artifacts' associated design history, physical structure, user intention, user action and functional outcome, and where each property could be specified as intact, compromised or not observed. Consistently across experiments, when participants received complete information (i.e., when all properties were observed), they categorized based on individual properties and did not show evidence of using coherence to categorize. In contrast, when the state of some property was not observed, participants gave evidence of using available information to infer the state of the unobserved property, which increased the value of the available information for categorization. Our data offers answers to longstanding questions regarding artifact categorization, such as whether there are underlying causal models for artifacts, which properties are part of them, whether design history is an artifact's causal essence, and whether physical appearance or functional outcome is the most central artifact property.
Cognition.Cognition.2014 Jan;130(1):50-65. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2013.10.001. Epub 2013 Oct 29.
In four experiments, we tested conditions under which artifact concepts support inference and coherence in causal categorization. In all four experiments, participants categorized scenarios in which we systematically varied information about artifacts' associated design history, physical structure,
PMID 24184394