WordNet

a long narrow inlet of the sea in Scotland (especially when it is nearly landlocked)
Scottish word for a lake
a white linen liturgical vestment with sleeves; worn by priests
substance discharged from the vagina (cellular debris and mucus and blood) that gradually decreases in amount during the weeks following childbirth

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湖(lake);入り江
アルバ(司祭がミサで着る祭服)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/29 01:15:36」(JST)

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In the field of obstetrics, lochia is the vaginal discharge after giving birth (puerperium) containing blood, mucus, and uterine tissue.^[1] Lochia discharge typically continues for 4 to 6 weeks after childbirth,^[2] which is known as the postpartum period.

It is sterile for the first 2 to 3 days, but not so by the third or fourth day, as the uterus begins to be colonized by vaginal commensals such as non-hemolytic streptococci and E. coli.^[3]

Stages

It progresses through three stages:^[4]

Lochia rubra (or cruenta) is the first discharge, Composed of blood, shreds of fetal membranes, decidua, vernix caseosa, lanugo and membranes. It is red in color because of the large amount of blood it contains. It typically lasts no longer than 3 to 5 days after birth.
Lochia serosa is the term for lochia that has thinned and turned brownish or pink in color. It contains serous exudate, erythrocytes, leukocytes, cervical mucus and microorganisms. This stage continues until around the tenth day after delivery. Lochia serosa which persists to some weeks after birth can indicate late postpartum hemorrhaging, and should be reported to a physician.
Lochia alba (or purulenta) is the name for lochia once it has turned whitish or yellowish-white. It typically lasts from the second through the third to sixth weeks after delivery. It contains fewer red blood cells and is mainly made up of leukocytes, epithelial cells, cholesterol, fat, mucus and microorganisms. Continuation beyond a few weeks can indicate a genital lesion, which should be reported to a physician.

Note: Ambulant patients < 2 weeks, Moribund Patients > 2 weeks, Preterm Delivery < 2 weeks, Twin Delivery > 2 weeks.

Complications

In general, lochia has an odor similar to that of normal menstrual fluid. Any offensive odor or change to a greenish color indicates contamination by organisms such as chlamydia or saprophytic.

Lochia that is retained within the uterus is known as lochiostasis^[5] or lochioschesis, and can result in lochiometra^[6] (distention of the uterus - pushing it out of shape). Lochiorrhea describes an excessive flow of lochia and can indicate infection.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Murkoff, Heidi; Eisenberg, Arlene; Hathaway, Sandee (2002). What To Expect When You're Expecting (3rd ed.). New York: Workman. p. 383. ISBN 0-7611-2132-3. This discharge of leftover blood, muscus, and tissue from your uterus, known as lochia, is normally as heavy as (and sometimes even heavier than) a menstrual period for the first three to ten postpartum days.
^ Oppenheimer, LW; Sherriff, EA; Goodman, JD; Shah, D; James, CE (July 1986). "The duration of lochia". Br J Obstet Gynaecol 93 (7): 754–757. PMID 3755355.
^ Hanretty, Kevin P. (2009). Obstetrics Illustrated. Illustrated by Ian Ramsden and Robin Callander (7th ed.). Churchill-Livingston. p. 337. ISBN 978-0-7020-3066-6. Retrieved 13 November 2013.
^ Sherman, D.; Lurie, S.; Frenkel, E.; Kurzweil, Y.; Bukovsky, I.; Arieli, S. (1999). "Characteristics of normal lochia". Am J Perinatol 16 (8): 399–402. doi:10.1055/s-1999-6818. PMID 10772198.
^ "lochioschesis - definition of lochioschesis in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.".
^ "lochiometra - definition of lochiometra at the Free Dictionary by Farlex".

UpToDate Contents

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1. 産後ケアの概要 overview of postpartum care
2. 分娩後子宮内膜炎 postpartum endometritis
3. 女性における生殖器出血の鑑別診断 differential diagnosis of genital tract bleeding in women
4. 妊娠中の女性および産後の女性における腹痛および急性腹症に対するアプローチ approach to abdominal pain and the acute abdomen in pregnant and postpartum women
5. 経腟分娩後の出血管理 management of postpartum hemorrhage at vaginal delivery

English Journal

A survey of women's experiences of vaginal loss from 24 hours to three months after childbirth (the BLiPP study).

Marchant S1, Alexander J, Garcia J, Ashurst H, Alderdice F, Keene J.
Midwifery.Midwifery.1999 Jun;15(2):72-81.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the range of normal vaginal loss as reported by women from 24 hours after delivery until three months postnatally.SETTING: Two health districts in the south of England.METHODS: A prospective survey of women's experiences and expectations of the duration, amount and colour of v
PMID 10703409

Characteristics of normal lochia.

Sherman D1, Lurie S, Frenkel E, Kurzweil Y, Bukovsky I, Arieli S.
American journal of perinatology.Am J Perinatol.1999;16(8):399-402.
The objective of this paper is to determine the characteristics of each phase of lochia and how these may be influenced by a number of obstetric variables. Thirty-nine healthy women who had spontaneous vaginal delivery following uncomplicated pregnancy volunteered to complete a diary sheet immediate
PMID 10772198

[Perception of common symptomatology during pregnancy, puerperium and lactation].

Salinas Martínez AM1, Martínez Sánchez C, Pérez Segura J.
Salud pública de México.Salud Publica Mex.1991 May-Jun;33(3):248-58.
The objective of this investigation was to identify women's perception on normal and abnormal symptoms of pregnancy, puerperium and breastfeeding; its purpose was to assess the varying educational needs in the geographical area where a reproductive health education program will be implemented. 405 f
PMID 1887326

「白色悪露」

　　[★]

英: lochia alba
関: 悪露

産褥3週間以降：白血球が減少。子宮腺分泌液主体。産褥約4-6週で悪露が消失。

[1] Murkoff, Heidi; Eisenberg, Arlene; Hathaway, Sandee (2002). What To Expect When You're Expecting (3rd ed.). New York: Workman. p. 383. ISBN 0-7611-2132-3. This discharge of leftover blood, muscus, and tissue from your uterus, known as lochia, is normally as heavy as (and sometimes even heavier than) a menstrual period for the first three to ten postpartum days.

[2] Oppenheimer, LW; Sherriff, EA; Goodman, JD; Shah, D; James, CE (July 1986). "The duration of lochia". Br J Obstet Gynaecol 93 (7): 754–757. PMID 3755355.

[3] Hanretty, Kevin P. (2009). Obstetrics Illustrated. Illustrated by Ian Ramsden and Robin Callander (7th ed.). Churchill-Livingston. p. 337. ISBN 978-0-7020-3066-6. Retrieved 13 November 2013.

[pmid10772198-4] Sherman, D.; Lurie, S.; Frenkel, E.; Kurzweil, Y.; Bukovsky, I.; Arieli, S. (1999). "Characteristics of normal lochia". Am J Perinatol 16 (8): 399–402. doi:10.1055/s-1999-6818. PMID 10772198.

[5] "lochioschesis - definition of lochioschesis in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.".

[6] "lochiometra - definition of lochiometra at the Free Dictionary by Farlex".

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lochia alba