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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/11 12:48:25」(JST)

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Lipotropic compounds are those that help catalyse the breakdown of fat during metabolism in the body.

Choline is the major lipotrope in mammals and other known lipotropes are important only insofar as they contribute to the synthesis of choline. (Barak, 1973)

A lipotropic nutrient promotes or encourages the export of fat from the liver. Lipotropics are necessary for maintenance of a healthy liver, and for burning the exported fat for additional energy. Without lipotropics, such as choline and inositol, fats and bile can become trapped in the liver, causing severe problems such as cirrhosis and blocking fat metabolism. Choline is essential for fat metabolism. Choline functions as a methyl donor and it is required for proper liver function. Like inositol, choline is a lipotropic. Inositol exerts lipotropic effects as well. An "unofficial" member of the B vitamins, inositol has even been shown to relieve depression and panic attacks.

Methionine, an essential amino acid, is a major lipotropic compound in humans. When estrogen levels are high, the body requires more methionine. Estrogens reduce bile flow through the liver and increase bile cholesterol levels. Methionine helps deactivate estrogens.

Methionine levels also affect the amount of sulfur-containing compounds, such as glutathione, in the liver. Glutathione and other sulfur-containing peptides (small proteins) play a critical role in defending against toxic compounds. When higher levels of toxic compounds are present, more methionine is needed.

Choline assists detoxification reactions in the liver. Though choline can be synthesized from methionine or serine, recent evidence indicates that choline is an essential nutrient.

Betaine hydrochloride is a powerful lipotropic and increases gastric acid.^[1] Betaine itself (in a non-hydrochloric form, also known as TMG or Trimethylglycine) also has a lipotropic effect ^[2]

References[edit]

^ "Betaine Hydrochloride Information on Healthline". Retrieved 2008-04-24. "Betaine in human nutrition.". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 80 (3): 539 – 49. September 2004. PMID 15321791.
^ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17689540

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English Journal

The lipid composition of Legionella dumoffii membrane modulates the interaction with Galleria mellonella apolipophorin III.

Palusińska-Szysz M1, Zdybicka-Barabas A2, Reszczyńska E3, Luchowski R4, Kania M5, Gisch N6, Waldow F7, Mak P8, Danikiewicz W9, Gruszecki WI10, Cytryńska M11.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2016 Jul;1861(7):617-29. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.04.011. Epub 2016 Apr 17.
Apolipophorin III (apoLp-III), an insect homologue of human apolipoprotein E (apoE), is a widely used model protein in studies on protein-lipid interactions, and anti-Legionella activity of Galleria mellonella apoLp-III has been documented. Interestingly, exogenous choline-cultured Legionella dumoff
PMID 27094351

A Gut Feeling about Thrombosis.

Tilg H1.
The New England journal of medicine.N Engl J Med.2016 Jun 23;374(25):2494-6. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcibr1604458.
PMID 27332910

Betaine chemistry, roles, and potential use in liver disease.

Day CR1, Kempson SA2.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2016 Jun;1860(6):1098-106. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.02.001. Epub 2016 Feb 2.
BACKGROUND: Betaine is the trimethyl derivative of glycine and is normally present in human plasma due to dietary intake and endogenous synthesis in liver and kidney. Betaine is utilized in the kidney primarily as an osmoprotectant, whereas in the liver its primary role is in metabolism as a methyl
PMID 26850693