WordNet

unrefined in character; "low comedy"
an air mass of lower pressure; often brings precipitation; "a low moved in over night bringing sleet and snow" (同)depression
a low level or position or degree; "the stock market fell to a new low"
used of sounds and voices; low in pitch or frequency (同)low-pitched
very low in volume; "a low murmur"; "the low-toned murmur of the surf" (同)low-toned
in a low position; near the ground; "the branches hung low"
less than normal in degree or intensity or amount; "low prices"; "the reservoir is low"
literal meanings; being at or having a relatively small elevation or upward extension; "low ceilings"; "low clouds"; "low hills"; "the sun is low"; "low furniture"; "a low bow"
toward or on the left; also used figuratively; "he looked right and left"; "the political party has moved left"
a turn toward the side of the body that is on the north when the person is facing east; "take a left at the corner"
the hand that is on the left side of the body; "jab with your left" (同)left_hand
those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare (同)left wing
location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east; "she stood on the left"
intended for the left hand; "I rarely lose a left-hand glove" (同)left-hand
being or located on or directed toward the side of the body to the west when facing north; "my left hand"; "left center field"; "the left bank of a river is bank on your left side when you are facing downstream"
of or belonging to the political or intellectual left
move something or somebody to a lower position; "take down the vase from the shelf" (同)take_down, let down, get_down, bring_down
cause to drop or sink; "The lack of rain had depressed the water level in the reservoir" (同)depress
set lower; "lower a rating"; "lower expectations" (同)lour
a measuring instrument for measuring altitude of heavenly bodies
a quarter of the circumference of a circle (同)quarter-circle
any of the four areas into which a plane is divided by two orthogonal coordinate axes
the area enclosed by two perpendicular radii of a circle
the act of causing something to move to a lower level (同)letting down
the act of causing to become less

PrepTutorEJDIC

(高さ・位置が)『低い』,低い所にある / (価格・数量・程度などが)『低い』,少ない / (身分・地位などが)『低い』,卑しい / (人格・行為などが)『卑しい』,下劣な,下品な / 《補語にのみ用いて》(体が)『弱った』;元気のない,憂うつな / (供給が)不十分な;(…が)乏しい《+『in』(『on』)+『名』》 / (音・声が)低い,小さい / (生物が)下等な / 『低く』,低い所に / (価格・程度などが)『安く』,低く / 低い声(調子)で;静かに / 最低点,最低水準
(牛の)モーという鳴き声 / (牛が)モーと鳴く
leaveの過去・過去分詞
《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『左の』,左方の / 《しばしばl-》(政治上の)左翼の,左派の,革新派の / 左に,左方に / 《通例 the ~》『左』,左方,左側 / 《しばしばthe L-》左翼の政党(団体),左派 / 〈U〉(野球で)左翼,レフト(left field);〈C〉左翼手(left fielder) / 〈C〉(ボクシングで)左手打ち
(lowの比較級)『もっと低い』,(価格が)もっと安い / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『下級の』;低い(下の)ほうの / …‘を'『下げる』,降ろす / 〈価格・程度・量・調子など〉‘を'『下げる』,小さくする,低下させる / 〈人〉‘を'品位(品格)を落とす / 低くなる,下がる,滅る
(…に向かって)顔をしかめる,まゆをひそめる《+『at(on, upon)』+『名』》 / 〈空模様が〉険悪になる,〈雨などが〉降りそうな / しかめっつら / 険悪な空模様
四分円弧;四分円;象限(しょうげん) / 四分円形のもの / (天文観測の)四分儀;象限儀
低くする,低下させる;堕落させる
(空模様が)険悪な,荒れ模様の / しかめっつらの,(顔つきが)不機嫌な

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/11 17:27:03」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Quadrants of the abdomen.

Diagram shows which viscera (or portions thereof) are in each quadrant of the abdomen.

The human abdomen is divided into regions by anatomists and physicians for purposes of study, diagnosis, and therapy.^[1] ^[2] In the four-region scheme, four quadrants allow localisation of pain and tenderness, scars, lumps, and other items of interest, narrowing in on which organs and tissues may be involved. The quadrants are referred to as the left lower quadrant, left upper quadrant, right upper quadrant and right lower quadrant, as follows.

The left lower quadrant (LLQ) of the human abdomen is the area left of the midline and below the umbilicus. The LLQ includes the left iliac fossa and half of the left flank region.

The term is not used in comparative anatomy, since most other animals do not stand erect. The equivalent term for animals is left posterior quadrant.

The left upper quadrant (LUQ) extends from the median plane to the left of the patient, and from the umbilical plane to the left ribcage.

The equivalent term for animals is 'left anterior quadrant'.

The right upper quadrant (RUQ) extends from the median plane to the right of the patient, and from the umbilical plane to the right ribcage.

The equivalent term for animals is 'right anterior quadrant'.

The right lower quadrant (RLQ) extends from the median plane to the right of the patient, and from the umbilical plane to the right inguinal ligament.

The equivalent term for animals is 'right posterior quadrant'.

Important organs

Of LLQ:

descending colon
sigmoid colon
Left ovary and Fallopian tube
Left ureter

Of LUQ:

Stomach
Spleen
Left lobe of liver
Body of pancreas
Left kidney and adrenal gland
Splenic flexure of colon
Parts of transverse and descending colon

Of RUQ:

Liver
Gall bladder with biliary tree
Duodenum
Head of pancreas
Right kidney and adrenal gland
Hepatic flexure of colon

Of RLQ:

Cecum
Appendix
Ascending Colon
Right ovary and Fallopian tube
Right ureter

Clinical significance

In the LLQ if abdominal pain or signs of peritonitis are localised, colitis, diverticulitis, ureteral colic or pain due to ovarian cysts or pelvic inflammatory disease, may be suspected. Examples of tumours in the left lower quadrant include colon cancer or ovarian tumour.

The LUQ may be painful or tender in the case of intestinal malrotation.

The RUQ may be painful or tender in hepatitis, cholecystitis, and peptic ulcer.

The RLQ may be painful and/or tender in such conditions as appendicitis.

Differential diagnosis

In children:

Gastroenteritis, mesenteric adenitis, Meckel's diverticulitis, intussusception, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, lobar pneumonia

In adults:

regional enteritis, renal colic, perforated peptic ulcer, testicular torsion, rectus sheath hematoma, pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, endometriosis, torsion/rupture of ovarian cyst, appendicitis

In elderly:

diverticulitis, intestinal obstruction, colonic carcinoma, mesenteric ischemia, leaking aortic aneurysm.

References

^ Elsevier, Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, Elsevier.
^ Wolters Kluwer, Stedman's Medical Dictionary, Wolters Kluwer.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における腹痛に対する診断的アプローチ diagnostic approach to abdominal pain in adults
2. 成人における腹痛の鑑別診断 differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in adults
3. 結腸憩室症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of colonic diverticular disease
4. 小児および思春期における急性腹症の原因 causes of acute abdominal pain in children and adolescents
5. 救急外来における成人の腹痛の評価 evaluation of the adult with abdominal pain in the emergency department

English Journal

Orbital myxoma: a case report.

Tawfik HA, Elraey HZ.SourceOculoplastics Service, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt.
Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands).Orbit.2013 Jun;32(3):200-2. doi: 10.3109/01676830.2013.772210. Epub 2013 Apr 5.
Abstract Orbital myxomas are extremely rare tumors. We describe a 75-year old male patient with lower eyelid ectropion and 8-mm of left non-axial proptosis. Orbital CT and MRI revealed a well-demarcated lesion in the lateral quadrant of the orbit. After complete surgical excision, histopathological
PMID 23560550

The plaque- and gingivitis-inhibiting capacity of a commercially available essential oil product. A parallel, split-mouth, single blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study.

Preus HR, Koldsland OC, Aass AM, Sandvik L, Hansen BF.SourceDepartment of Periodontology, Institute of Clinical Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo , Norway.
Acta odontologica Scandinavica.Acta Odontol Scand.2013 May 3. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract Background. Studies have reported commercially available essential oils with convincing plaque and gingivitis preventing properties. However, no tests have compared these essential oils, i.e. Listerine®, against their true vehicle controls. Objective. To compare the plaque and gingivitis i
PMID 23638764

Diagnosis and management of acute diverticulitis.

Wilkins T, Embry K, George R.SourceGeorgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
American family physician.Am Fam Physician.2013 May 1;87(9):612-20.
Uncomplicated diverticulitis is localized diverticular inflammation, whereas complicated diverticulitis is diverticular inflammation associated with an abscess, phlegmon, fistula, obstruction, bleeding, or perforation. Patients with acute diverticulitis may present with left lower quadrant pain, ten
PMID 23668524

Japanese Journal

An Infected Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Caused by Helicobacter cinaedi

Annals of Vascular Diseases 8(4), 318-320, 2015
NAID 130005117297

穿刺吸引細胞診が有用であった乳房原発神経鞘腫の1例

日本臨床外科学会雑誌 76(5), 944-949, 2015
NAID 130005110765

大腸内視鏡挿入操作によってS状結腸嵌頓をきたした鼠径ヘルニア1例

日本消化器内視鏡学会雑誌 57(9), 2364-2367, 2015
NAID 130005100939

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「crampy pain」「左下腹部」
関連記事	「lower」「low」「left」「lowering」「quadrant」

「crampy pain」

　　[★]

差し込むような痛み、疝痛

A 29-year-old woman with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease presents to the emergency department with severe left lower quadrant crampy pain and spotting, and amenorrhea for the past two cycles.