WordNet

toward or on the left; also used figuratively; "he looked right and left"; "the political party has moved left"
a turn toward the side of the body that is on the north when the person is facing east; "take a left at the corner"
the hand that is on the left side of the body; "jab with your left" (同)left_hand
those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare (同)left wing
location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east; "she stood on the left"
intended for the left hand; "I rarely lose a left-hand glove" (同)left-hand
being or located on or directed toward the side of the body to the west when facing north; "my left hand"; "left center field"; "the left bank of a river is bank on your left side when you are facing downstream"
of or belonging to the political or intellectual left
the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit); "the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure" (同)pressure level, force per unit area
an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress
the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin; "the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal" (同)pressure_sensation
a force that compels; "the public brought pressure to bear on the government"
of or relating to a cavity or chamber in the body (especially one of the upper chambers of the heart)

PrepTutorEJDIC

leaveの過去・過去分詞
《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『左の』,左方の / 《しばしばl-》(政治上の)左翼の,左派の,革新派の / 左に,左方に / 《通例 the ~》『左』,左方,左側 / 《しばしばthe L-》左翼の政党(団体),左派 / 〈U〉(野球で)左翼,レフト(left field);〈C〉左翼手(left fielder) / 〈C〉(ボクシングで)左手打ち
〈U〉『押すこと』,『押しつけること』,圧搾,圧縮;〈C〉〈U〉『圧力』,圧力の強さ / 〈U〉『圧迫』,『強制』 / 〈U〉(不快な)圧迫感 / 〈C〉〈U〉(精神的な)重荷,苦脳;(時間・金銭的)切迫 / 〈U〉多忙,あわただしさ / 《おもに米》…‘に'圧力をかける,強制する(《英》pressurise)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/12 13:32:04」(JST)

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Diagram of Pulmonary artery catheter

The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure or PCWP (also called the pulmonary wedge pressure or PWP, or pulmonary artery occlusion pressure or PAOP) is the pressure measured by wedging a pulmonary catheter with an inflated balloon into a small pulmonary arterial branch.^[1]

Physiologically, distinctions can be drawn among pulmonary venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and left atrial pressure, but not all of these can be measured in a clinical context.^[2]

Noninvasive estimation techniques have been proposed.^[3]

Clinical significance[edit]

Site		Normal pressure range (in mmHg)^[4]
Central venous pressure		3–8
Right ventricular pressure	systolic	15–30
Right ventricular pressure	diastolic	3–8
Pulmonary artery pressure	systolic	15–30
Pulmonary artery pressure	diastolic	4–12
Pulmonary vein/ Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure		2–15
Left ventricular pressure	systolic	100–140
Left ventricular pressure	diastolic	3-12

Because of the large compliance of the pulmonary circulation, it provides an indirect measure of the left atrial pressure.^[5]

For example, it is considered the gold standard for determining the cause of acute pulmonary edema; this is likely to be present at a PCWP of >20mmHg. It has also been used to diagnose severity of left ventricular failure and mitral stenosis,^[6] given that elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure strongly suggests failure of left ventricular output.^[7]

Pulmonary edema with normal PCWP suggest a diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or non cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (as in opiate poisoning) .

Physiological pressure: 6–12 mm Hg.^[8]

References[edit]

^ Peacock, Andrew J.; Lewis J. Rubin (2004). Pulmonary Circulation: Diseases and their treatment. Arnold Publisher. ISBN 0-340-80782-2.
^ Chaliki HP, Hurrell DG, Nishimura RA, Reinke RA, Appleton CP (July 2002). "Pulmonary venous pressure: relationship to pulmonary artery, pulmonary wedge, and left atrial pressure in normal, lightly sedated dogs". Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 56 (3): 432–8. doi:10.1002/ccd.10203. PMID 12112902.
^ Uzun M, Erinc K, Kirilmaz A, et al. (November 2004). "A novel method to estimate pulmonary artery wedge pressure using the downslope of the Doppler mitral regurgitant velocity profile". Echocardiography 21 (8): 673–9. doi:10.1111/j.0742-2822.2004.03174.x. PMID 15546367.
^ Table 30-1 in: Trudie A Goers; Washington University School of Medicine Department of Surgery; Klingensmith, Mary E; Li Ern Chen; Sean C Glasgow (2008). The Washington manual of surgery. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-7447-0.
^ "Gun Shot Wound Case Study Discussion". Retrieved 2009-03-02.
^ "CV Physiology".
^ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 14th edition. Chapter 38, page 243.
^ "Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure".

External links[edit]

-1113980888 at GPnotebook
Overview at cvphysiology.com
Description at virginia.edu
Pulmonary wedge pressure at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 心臓カテーテル検査法：正常な血行動態 cardiac catheterization techniques normal hemodynamics
2. 心臓カテーテル検査で測定した弁膜疾患の血行動態 hemodynamics of valvular disorders as measured by cardiac catheterization
3. 弁膜症および妊娠 pregnancy and valve disease
4. 心原性肺水腫の病態生理 pathophysiology of cardiogenic pulmonary edema
5. 経食道心エコーによる血行動態評価 hemodynamics derived from transesophageal echocardiography

English Journal

Urocortin 2 protects heart and kidney structure and function in an ovine model of acute decompensated heart failure: Comparison with dobutamine.

Rademaker MT1, Ellmers LJ2, Charles CJ2, Mark Richards A2.
International journal of cardiology.Int J Cardiol.2015 Oct 15;197:56-65. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.06.011. Epub 2015 Jun 15.
BACKGROUND: Renal dysfunction is a frequent complication and crucial determinant of outcome in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). The aim of the study was to assess urocortin 2 (Ucn2) as a short-term therapy in ADHF with a focus on its renal effects. Comparison was made with dobutamine to dis
PMID 26113475

Contrasting cardiovascular properties of the µ-opioid agonists morphine and methadone in the rat.

Tung KH1, Angus JA2, Wright CE3.
European journal of pharmacology.Eur J Pharmacol.2015 Sep 5;762:372-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.016. Epub 2015 Jun 20.
Morphine and methadone share the property of μ-opioid receptor agonism yet have markedly different cardiovascular actions suggesting additional properties are at play. We investigated the i.v. dose-response relationships of the opioids on cardiovascular metameters in anaesthetised rats in the absen
PMID 26101066

Japanese Journal

Effects of atrial natriuretic Peptide after prolonged hypothermic storage of the isolated rat heart

Kanamitsu Hitoshi,Fujii Yasuhiro,Mitsui Hideya,Sano Shunji
Artificial Organs 37(11), 1003-1008, 2013-11
… Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has been found to reduce the IRI of cardiomyocytes and may be beneficial in alleviating PGF after heart transplantation, although there is a lack of evidence to support this issue. … Left ventricular functional recovery and the incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) were compared. … ANP administration at the time of reperfusion improved the percent recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (control, 45.5 ± 10.2; …
NAID 120005359095

Effect of Pravastatin on Echocardiographic Circulation Parameters in Dogs

ARITA Shinji,ARITA Noboru,HIKASA Yoshiaki
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 2013
… Physical examination, blood biochemical tests, blood pressure measurements and Doppler echocardiography were performed before and 1, 2 and 4 weeks after PS administration in all dogs. …
NAID 130003382398

Assessment of Elevation of and Rapid Change in Left Ventricular Filling Pressure Using a Novel Global Strain Imaging Diastolic Index

Chiang Shuo-Ju,Daimon Masao,Ishii Katsuhisa,Kawata Takayuki,Miyazaki Sakiko,Hirose Kuniaki,Ichikawa Ryoko,Miyauchi Katsumi,Yeh Mei-Hsiu,Chang Nen-Chung,Daida Hiroyuki
Circulation Journal, 2013
… Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether global strain imaging diastolic index (SIDI) obtained using 2-D speckle tracking imaging (2DSI) could predict elevation in and rapid change of LV filling pressure. … LV pre-atrial contraction pressure (pre-A) was measured as a surrogate of LV filling pressure. …
NAID 130003382233