laryngitis

喉頭炎

　 　

WordNet

1. inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx; characterized by hoarseness or loss of voice and coughing

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 喉頭(こうとう)炎

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/16 15:17:42」(JST)

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For other uses, see Laryngitis (disambiguation).

Laryngitis
Classification and external resources
Endoscopic image of inflammed larynx caused by acid reflux.
ICD-10	J04.0, J37.0
ICD-9	464.0-464.4, 476.0-476.1
DiseasesDB	29347
MedlinePlus	001385
eMedicine	ent/353 ent/354
MeSH	D007827

Laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx. It causes hoarse voice or temporary complete loss of the voice because of irritation to the vocal folds (vocal cords). Dysphonia is the medical term for a vocal disorder, of which laryngitis is one cause.

Laryngitis is categorized as acute if it lasts less than a few days. Otherwise it is categorized as chronic, and may last over three weeks. The chronic form occurs mostly in middle age and is much more common in men than women.

Causes

Laryngitis can be infectious as well as noninfectious in origin.

Noninfectious causes

• Acid reflux disease, resulting in laryngitis gastrica.
• Allergies.
• Excessive coughing, smoking, or alcohol consumption.
• Inflammation due to overuse of the vocal cords.
• Prolonged use of inhaled corticosteroids for asthma treatment.
• Thermal or chemical burns.
• Laryngeal trauma, including iatrogenic one caused by endotracheal intubation.

Infectious causes

• Viral infections can be caused by rhinovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, coxsackievirus, coronavirus, and RSV.
• Bacterial infections can be caused by group A streptococcus, C. diphtheriae, M. catarrhalis, andM. tuberculosis. Bacterial infections usually follow pre-existing viral infection.
• Fungal infections can be caused by Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Candida (especially in immunocompromised persons), and rarely by Cryptococcus and Coccidioides.

Symptoms

• Dysphonia (hoarseness) or aphonia (inability to speak)
• Dry, sore, burning throat
• Coughing, which can be a symptom of, as well as a factor in, causing laryngitis
• Dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing)
• Sensation of swelling in the area of the larynx
• Cold or flu-like symptoms (which, like a cough, may also be the causal factor for laryngitis)
• Swollen lymph nodes in the throat, chest, or face
• Fever
• Hemoptysis (coughing out blood)
• Dyspnea (difficulty in breathing), predominantly in children
• Increased production of saliva

Signs

In early stages, erythema (reddening) and edema of epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, arytenoids and ventricular folds occurs. In late stages, the vocal folds and subglottic structures are also involved. There are sticky secretions between cords and in interarytenoid region. Sometimes, submucous hemorrhage is seen, especially in case of vocal abuse. Acute membranous laryngitis, a condition resembling acute membranous tonsillitis, is caused by pyogenic nonspecific organisms. It has to be differentiated from laryngeal diphtheria. In some cases tightening of the chest may be present due to COPD or other relevant breathing disorder. If you are having difficulty taking in a breathe, you may need an inhaler. See your physician.

Treatment

• General measures: Voice rest is important. Steam inhalations with tincture benzoin or oil of pine or eucalyptus help loosen secretions. Cough sedatives are given to reduce cough. For a severely inflamed larynx, a humidifier or vaporizer is used to moisten the air inhaled by person.
• If laryngitis is due to gastroesophageal reflux, an H2-inhibitor (such as ranitidine) or proton-pump inhibitor (such as omeprazole) is used to reduce gastric acid secretions.
• In laryngitis caused by thermal or chemical burns, steroids are used.
• In viral laryngitis, drinking sufficient fluids is helpful.
• If laryngitis is due to a bacterial or fungal infection, appropriate antibiotic or antifungal therapy is given.
• If persistent hoarseness or loss of voice (dysphonia) is a result of vocal cord nodules, physicians may recommend a course of treatment that may include a surgical procedure and/or speech therapy.

Prognosis

Most cases of laryngitis are viral and resolve without treatment with sufficient voice rest. Laryngitis, hoarseness, or breathiness that lasts for more than two weeks may signal a voice disorder and should be followed up with a voice pathologist. This is typically a vocology certified SLP (speech language pathologist) or a laryngologist (voice specialized ENT).

References

http://www.medicinenet.com/laryngitis/page5.htm http://www.emedicinehealth.com/laryngitis/page5_em.htm

External links

• Mayo Clinic
• VoiceInfo.org
• Singing Voice
• National Center for Voice and Speech's official website
• The Voice Academy's official website
• The Voice Foundation's official website
• University of Maryland Medical Center

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 成人における嗄声 hoarseness in adults
• 2. 小児における嗄声：病因およびマネージメント hoarseness in children etiology and management
• 3. クループ：臨床的特徴、評価、および診断 croup clinical features evaluation and diagnosis
• 4. 咽喉頭逆流 laryngopharyngeal reflux
• 5. 成人における胃食道逆流症の合併症 complications of gastroesophageal reflux in adults

English Journal

• Predictive findings of allergic disease in fiberoptic nasolaryngoscopy.

• Brook C1, Noordzij JP, Russell K, Aliphas A, Platt M.
• The Laryngoscope.Laryngoscope.2015 Feb;125(2):286-90. doi: 10.1002/lary.24880. Epub 2014 Aug 14.
• OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To determine whether findings on fiberoptic nasolaryngoscopy beyond the nasal cavity can aid in diagnosis of atopy.STUDY DESIGN: Case control analysis of patients undergoing fiberoptic nasolaryngoscopy and allergy testing at a single academic institution.METHODS: Patients who
• PMID 25124968

• Narrow-Band Imaging of Laryngeal Images and Endoscopically Proven Reflux Esophagitis.

• Wang WH1, Tsai KY2.
• Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.2015 Jan 27. pii: 0194599814568285. [Epub ahead of print]
• OBJECTIVE: To compare the difference between white light (WL) and narrow-band imaging (NBI) endoscopy in evaluating patients who had reflux laryngitis and esophagitis.STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of medical records and endoscopic images.SETTING: Outpatient clinic.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: There we
• PMID 25628366

• [Usefulness of clinical data and rapid diagnostic tests to identify bacterial etiology in adult respiratory infections].

• Toledano-Sierra P1, Arriola-Hernández M2, Orueta-Sánchez R3.
• Medwave.Medwave.2015 Jan 19;15(1):e6067. doi: 10.5867/medwave.2015.01.6067.
• in

English, SpanishLas infecciones del tracto respiratorio suponen un motivo frecuente de consulta. Sin embargo, mientras que en algunas enfermedades (como el resfriado común, la laringitis y otras) el origen es generalmente viral y el uso de antibióticos debería ser excepcional, existen otro

• PMID 25646631

Japanese Journal

• 症例報告 オマリズマブが奏功したびまん性誤嚥性細気管支炎合併の難治性喘息

• 日本小児科学会雑誌 = The journal of the Japan Pediatric Society 119(1), 60-66, 2015-01
• NAID 40020334723

• Treatment with a Proton Pump Inhibitor for a Laryngeal Granuloma with GERD

• 耳鼻咽喉科臨床　補冊 143(0), 80-83, 2015
• NAID 130005084983

• Conservative Strategy for Managing Certain Epithelial Lesions of the Larynx

• 日本気管食道科学会会報 66(2), 57-63, 2015
• NAID 130005066174

Related Links

• Laryngitis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx. It causes hoarse voice or the complete loss of the voice because of irritation to the vocal folds (vocal cords). Dysphonia is the medical term for a vocal disorder, of which laryngitis is one cause.

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