WordNet
- the basic unit of money in Georgia
- common chickweed; stitchwort (同)genus Stellaria
- a genus of chordates in the class Larvacea
- the syllable naming the sixth (submediant) note of a major or minor scale in solmization (同)lah
- long-winged web-footed aquatic bird of the gull family
- gulls; terns; jaegers; skimmers (同)suborder Lari
PrepTutorEJDIC
- ラ(全音階の第6音)
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/07/19 01:11:05」(JST)
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This article is about the bird suborder. For other uses, see Lari (disambiguation).
Lari |
|
Atlantic yellow-legged gull |
Scientific classification |
Kingdom: |
Animalia |
Phylum: |
Chordata |
Class: |
Aves |
Order: |
Charadriiformes |
Suborder: |
Lari
Sharpe, 1891 |
Families |
- Laridae
- Rynchopidae
- Sternidae
- Stercorariidae
- Alcidae (tentatively placed here)
- Glareolidae (tentatively placed here)
|
Greater crested tern displaying in Tasmania.
The suborder Lari is the part of the order Charadriiformes which includes the gulls, terns, skuas and skimmers, with the waders and snipes making up the rest of the order. Following recent research, the auks are now placed into the Lari too; the family Glareolidae (pratincoles and coursers) might constitute a distinct suborder. Sometimes, the buttonquails are also placed here, but the molecular data and fossil record rather suggests them be a quite basal offshoot along with the snipe-like and aberrant waders.[1]
The larids are generally larger species which take fish from the sea. Several gulls and skuas will also take food items from beaches, or rob smaller species, and some have become adapted to inland environments.
References
- ^ Paton et al., 2003; Thomas et al., 2004; Paton & Baker, 2006)
Sources
- Paton, Tara A. & Baker, Allan J. (2006): Sequences from 14 mitochondrial genes provide a well-supported phylogeny of the Charadriiform birds congruent with the nuclear RAG-1 tree. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39(3): 657–667. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.011 PMID 16531074 (HTML abstract)
- Paton, T. A.; Baker, A. J.; Groth, J. G. & Barrowclough, G. F. (2003): RAG-1 sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships within charadriiform birds. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 29: 268-278. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00098-8 PMID 13678682 (HTML abstract)
- Thomas, Gavin H.; Wills, Matthew A. & Székely, Tamás (2004): A supertree approach to shorebird phylogeny. BMC Evol. Biol. 4: 28. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-4-28 PMID 15329156 PDF fulltext Supplementary Material
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Validation according to ISO 16140:2003 of a commercial real-time PCR-based method for detecting Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari in foods.
- Vencia W1, Nogarol C2, Bianchi DM2, Gallina S2, Zuccon F2, Adriano D2, Gramaglia M2, Decastelli L2.Author information 1Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZS-PLV), S.C. Controllo Alimenti e Igiene delle Produzioni, Turin, Italy. Electronic address: walter.vencia@izsto.it.2Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZS-PLV), S.C. Controllo Alimenti e Igiene delle Produzioni, Turin, Italy.AbstractCampylobacteriosis was the most frequently reported zoonosis in the European Union (EU) in 2010, with Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter lari as the most frequently reported species in foodborne outbreaks (FBOs). Relatively sensitive to environmental factors, these species may be present in low numbers. In line with EU policy for food control and FBO detection and in view of the need to reduce response time, we validated an alternative molecular method according to ISO 16140:2003 which establishes the general principle and technical protocol for the validation of alternative methods in the microbiological analysis of food. We used a qualitative real-time PCR commercial kit for the detection of C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari in two food categories "fruit and vegetable-based products" and "dairy products". The validation protocol comprises two phases: the first is a method comparison study of the alternative method against the reference method, and the second is an interlaboratory study of each of the two methods. In the first step, ISO 16140:2003 validation examines the following parameters: limit of detection (LOD); relative accuracy, relative specificity and sensitivity; relative detection level (RDL); and inclusivity and exclusivity. Except for LOD, inclusivity and exclusivity, the other steps were performed against the reference method (ISO 10272:2006). The LOD of the real-time PCR method was set at 4CFU/25g or mL for both food categories. Relative accuracy (98.33%), specificity (96.77%), and sensitivity (100%) were recorded for the food category "fruit and vegetable-based products" and 93.3%, 88.24%, 100%, respectively, for "dairy products". The RDL according to Fisher's exact test was p=1 for both food categories, for each level, and each food/strain combination. The interlaboratory study results showed correct identification of all 24 blind samples with both methods by all the participating laboratories. The results show that this commercial kit is suitable for the rapid detection of C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari on fruit, vegetables and dairy products and may aid in official controls. In conclusion, the use of alternative methods is recommended for the rapid identification of positive samples and the identification of the possible bacterial source in a FBO within 48h.
- International journal of food microbiology.Int J Food Microbiol.2014 May 2;177:78-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.02.009. Epub 2014 Feb 21.
- Campylobacteriosis was the most frequently reported zoonosis in the European Union (EU) in 2010, with Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter lari as the most frequently reported species in foodborne outbreaks (FBOs). Relatively sensitive to environmental factors, these species m
- PMID 24607425
- Swallowing impairment and pulmonary dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: The silent threats.
- Monteiro L1, Souza-Machado A2, Pinho P3, Sampaio M3, Nóbrega AC3, Melo A3.Author information 1Division of Neurology and Epidemiology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil. Electronic address: menezes.lari@gmail.com.2Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil.3Division of Neurology and Epidemiology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil.AbstractINTRODUCTION: Swallowing disorders and respiratory impairment are frequent in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and aspiration pneumonia remains the leading cause of death among these subjects.
- Journal of the neurological sciences.J Neurol Sci.2014 Apr 15;339(1-2):149-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.02.004. Epub 2014 Feb 14.
- INTRODUCTION: Swallowing disorders and respiratory impairment are frequent in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and aspiration pneumonia remains the leading cause of death among these subjects.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between pulmonar
- PMID 24572726
- Impact of depression on circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with acute coronary syndromes: a pilot study.
- Di Stefano R1, Felice F, Pini S, Mazzotta G, Bovenzi FM, Bertoli D, Abelli M, Borelli L, Cardini A, Lari L, Gesi C, Muccignat A, Oligeri C, Michi P, Balbarini A.Author information 1aDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critic Area bDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Sector, University of Pisa, Pisa cUnit of Cardiology, Ospedale S. Andrea, La Spezia dCardio-Respiratory Department, Ospedale Campo di Marte, Lucca eUnit of Cardiology, USL5 Sarzana (SP), Italy *Rossella Di Stefano and Francesca Felice contributed equally to the writing of this article.AbstractAIMS: Depression has been identified as a risk factor for an adverse prognosis and reduced survival in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The number of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is an independent predictor of clinical outcomes in patients with ACS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of depression on EPC levels in patients with ACS.
- Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.).J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown).2014 Apr;15(4):353-9. doi: 10.2459/JCM.0b013e328365c195.
- AIMS: Depression has been identified as a risk factor for an adverse prognosis and reduced survival in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The number of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is an independent predictor of clinical outcomes in patients with ACS. The aim of this study was to ev
- PMID 24685963
Japanese Journal
- Cytolethal distending toxin gene-based multiplex PCR assay for Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. fetus, C. upsaliensis, C. hyointestinalis and C. lari
- Kamei Kazumasa,Kawabata Hiroki,Asakura Masahiro,Samosornsuk Worada,Hienoya Atsushi,Nakagawa Shinsaku,Yamasaki Shinji
- Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases advpub(0), 2015
- … lari. … lari strains tested. …
- NAID 130005091858
- Comparisons of Host Specificity in Feather Louse Genera (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) Parasitizing Gulls (Aves: Laridae: Larus)
- Yamagishi Ayaka,Yao Izumi,Johnson Kevin P. [他],Yoshizawa Kazunori
- Zoological science 31(6), 383-389, 2014-06
- … Data from gene sequences and morphological structures were collected for the gull feather lice, Saemundssonia lari, Quadraceps punctatus, and Q. … Saemundssonia lari was collected from both gull species, and no detectable morphological and genetic differences were found between lice collected from the two different hosts. … lari and Q. …
- NAID 120005619606
- Myelomatous Meningitis Evaluated by Multiparameter Flow Cytometry : Report of a Case and Review of the Literature
- Marini Alessandra,Carulli Giovanni,Lari Tiziana,Buda Gabriele,Lambelet Paola,Ciancia Eugenio M,Benedetti Edoardo,Caracciolo Francesco,Ferreri Maria Immacolata,Pesaresi Ilaria,Rousseau Martina,Ottaviano Virginia,Azzarà Antonio,Petrini Mario
- Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hematopathology 54(2), 129-136, 2014
- Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in multiple myeloma (MM) is uncommon. Among its possible presentations, leptomeningeal involvement of MM, also termed central nervous system myelomatosis (CNS- …
- NAID 130004699337
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