WordNet

calyx composed of scales or bristles or featherlike hairs in plants of the Compositae such as thistles and dandelions
filamentous hairlike growth on a plant; "peach fuzz" (同)fuzz, tomentum
a filamentous projection or process on an organism
any of the cylindrical filaments characteristically growing from the epidermis of a mammal; "there is a hair in my soup" (同)pilus
a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss; "he combed his hair"; "each hair consists of layers of dead keratinized cells"
the fine downy hair covering a human fetus; normally shed during the ninth month of gestation

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(人間・動物の1本の)『毛』;(植物・昆虫などの)毛 / 〈U〉《集合的に》『髪の毛』,毛,毛髪;(動物の)体毛 / 《a~》1本の毛ほどの量(距離,程度),ごくわずか
おや,はああ,ああ(驚き・喜び・疑い・ためらいなどを表す声)
hectare; hectares

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/21 14:12:05」(JST)

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Lanugo (/ləˈnuːɡoʊ, -ˈnjuː-/;^[1]^[2] from Latin lana "wool") is very fine, soft, and usually unpigmented, downy hair as can be found on the body of a fetus or newborn baby. It is the first hair to be produced by the fetal hair follicles, and it usually appears on the fetus at about 5 months of gestation. It is normally shed before birth, around 7 or 8 months of gestation but is sometimes present at birth and disappears on its own within a few days or weeks.^[3]

It is replaced by hair covering the same surfaces called vellus hair, but this hair is finer and more difficult to see. The more visible hair that continues into adulthood is called terminal hair. This forms in specific areas and is hormone dependent.^[4]

Occurrence

In humans

Fetal development

During human development, the lanugo grows on fetuses as a normal part of gestation, but is usually shed and replaced by vellus hair at about 33 to 36 weeks of gestational age. As the lanugo is shed from the skin, it is normal for the developing fetus to consume the hair with the fluid, since it drinks from the amniotic fluid and urinates it back into its environment. Subsequently, the lanugo contributes to the newborn baby's meconium. Some believe the presence of lanugo in newborns is a sign of premature birth but that's not always true. It has been seen on infants born at 39 weeks gestation.

Lanugo functions as an anchor to hold the vernix caseosa on the skin. This combination with vernix caseosa protects the delicate fetal skin from damage from the amniotic fluid.^[5] The vernix caseosa also helps to transition the fetus to life outside the womb. It is thought to provide lubrication for birth and it is shown to affect thermoregulation, water loss, and innate immunity. Without the lanugo to anchor the vernix caseosa these functions would be lost.^[6]

Malnutrition

Lanugo can be observed in malnourished patients, including those with eating disorders. When found along with other physical symptoms, for example, lanugo can help a physician make a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.^[7]

Teratoma

It is often found in teratomas (congenital tumours).

In animals

Lanugo is also common on other animals. For example, seals^[8] and elephants^[9]^[10]^[11] are often born with a covering of lanugo.

Fetal whales, like humans and all other primates, also have lanugo.

References

^ "Lanugo : definition". TheFreeDictionary. Retrieved 17 February 2013. |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
^ "lanugo". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
^ "Definition of Lanugo". MedicineNet: medterms medical dictionary. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
^ "What is lanugo?". SheKnows. Retrieved 17 February 2013. |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
^ Moore, Keith L (Dec 19, 2011). The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology. Elsevier. p. 98. ISBN 1437720021.
^ Singh, G; Archana (2008). "UNRAVELING THE MYSTERY OF VERNIX CASEOSA". Indian Journal of Dermatology 53 (2): 54–60. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.41645. PMID 19881987.
^ "Treating Eating Disorders in Primary Care", P.M. Williams, et al, American Family Physician, Vol 77 (2): January 15, 2008
^ Androukaki, E.; Fatsea, E., 't Hart, L., Osterhaus, A.D.M.E., Tounta, E. and Kotomatas, S. (May 2002). "Growth and Development of Mediterranean Monk Seal Pups during Rehabilitation". Monachus Science Posters 5 (1): This poster was presented at the 16th ECS (European Cetacean Society) Conference, "Marine Mammal Health: from Individuals to Populations", 7–11 April 2002, Liege, Belgium. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
^ Ecology of the Asian Elephant in Lowland Dry Zone Habitats of the Mahaweli River Basin, Sri Lanka Natarajan Ishwaran Journal of Tropical Ecology, Vol. 9, No. 2 (May, 1993), pp. 169-182
^ The Hair, Paul MacKenzie, Elephant Information Repository website
^ Elephant Hair, Elephant Anatomy, Animal Corner website

External links

Photo of lanugo in a human infant, The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh

UpToDate Contents

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1. 脱毛の評価および診断 evaluation and diagnosis of hair loss
2. 男性型多毛症の病因と原因 pathogenesis and causes of hirsutism
3. 女性型脱毛症（女性のアンドロゲン性脱毛症）：病態、臨床的特徴および診断 female pattern hair loss androgenetic alopecia in women pathogenesis clinical features and diagnosis
4. 房状血管腫、カポジ肉腫様血管腫、およびKasabach‐Merritt現象 tufted angioma kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and the kasabach merritt phenomenon
5. 女性型脱毛症（女性のアンドロゲン性脱毛症）：治療および予後 female pattern hair loss androgenetic alopecia in women treatment and prognosis

English Journal

The influence of peri-incisional triamcinolone acetonide injection on wound edge apposition.

Wesley CK, Teo LH, Xu T, Unger RH, Unger WP.Author information Private Practice , 710 Park Avenue, New York , USA.AbstractLocal administration of corticosteroids has been demonstrated to have both beneficial and detrimental effects on wound healing. The advantages of limiting localized edema must be weighed against corticosteroids' disadvantageous inhibition of the normal growth factor profile production that is essential for would healing. A single-center prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blind study of 57 patients undergoing hair restoration surgery (HRS) by one of three different surgeons revealed: 1) no dehiscence along the donor wound; 2) no statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in wound edge apposition noted between patients receiving or not receiving intralesional corticosteroids at any of the four measured scalp regions and 3) a non-statistically significant trend emerged suggesting the benefit of corticosteroid at the temples (points of decreased donor closing tension) versus its potential hindrance along the mastoids (points of increased tension). These results suggest that peri-incisional triamcinolone acetonide (PITMC) does not have a statistically significant effect on donor wound edge apposition within 8-10 days of HRS. A subtle, though not statistically significant, trend emerged demonstrating the benefit of PITMC with respect to early phase donor wound edge apposition in areas of least donor closing tension and the hindrance of PITMC in regions of increased tension.
The Journal of dermatological treatment.J Dermatolog Treat.2014 Aug;25(4):345-9. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2012.755253. Epub 2013 Feb 3.
Local administration of corticosteroids has been demonstrated to have both beneficial and detrimental effects on wound healing. The advantages of limiting localized edema must be weighed against corticosteroids' disadvantageous inhibition of the normal growth factor profile production that is essent
PMID 23210735

Mometasone furoate hydrogel for scalp use: in vitro and in vivo evaluation.

Salgado A, Raposo S, Marto J, Silva AN, Simões S, Ribeiro HM.Author information Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, iMed.UL - Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal.AbstractAbstract Dermatological inflammatory diseases often affect the scalp and the eyebrows. Common dosage forms available on the market for those situations are lotions; however, the presence of hair limits their use. Gels, for their consistency and adhesiveness, are a suitable alternative to the lotions in these situations. The aim of this study was to develop a new stable gel containing mometasone furoate (MF), with anti-inflammatory activity and a controlled delivery, to improve topical treatment of scalp dermatitis. Pharmaceutical development, physical and chemical characterization, stability, in vitro release and permeation studies and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity were performed. The gel presented an acidic pH and an apparent viscosity of 35 Pa.s. The microbiological analysis showed that the results were within the established specification limits. The release and the permeation profiles suggest that the drug is mainly retained in the upper skin layers. MF gel was tested in an animal model of cutaneous inflammation and presented similar anti-inflammatory activity compared to a commercially available MF dosage form. The gel was chemically, physically and microbiologically stable. The results suggest that the developed hydrogel formulation containing MF can be of actual value for improving the clinical effectiveness in the treatment of scalp dermatitis.
Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Aug;19(5):618-22. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.819012. Epub 2013 Jul 22.
Abstract Dermatological inflammatory diseases often affect the scalp and the eyebrows. Common dosage forms available on the market for those situations are lotions; however, the presence of hair limits their use. Gels, for their consistency and adhesiveness, are a suitable alternative to the lotions
PMID 23869426

The use of low-level light therapy in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia and female pattern hair loss.

Gupta AK, Daigle D.Author information Department of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.AbstractAbstract Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) or female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is the most common form of hair loss in men and women. Despite its common occurrence, our understanding of the etiology of AGA and FPHL remains incomplete. As such, traditional therapies demonstrate modest efficacies and new therapies continue to be sought. Low-level light therapy (LLLT) is a relatively new technique used to promote hair growth in both men and women with AGA and FPHL. Currently, there exist several LLLT devices marketed for the treatment of alopecia, which claim to stimulate hair growth; yet marketing these devices only requires that safety, not efficacy, be established. A handful of studies have since investigated the efficacy of LLLT for alopecia with mixed results. These studies suffered from power, confounding and analysis issues which resulted in a high risk of bias in LLLT studies. Due to the paucity of well-conducted randomized controlled trials, the efficacy of LLLT devices remains unclear. Randomized controlled trials of LLLT conducted and reported according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement would greatly increase the credibility of the evidence and clarify the ambiguity of the effectiveness of LLLT in the treatment of AGA and FPHL.
The Journal of dermatological treatment.J Dermatolog Treat.2014 Apr;25(2):162-3. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2013.832134. Epub 2013 Oct 9.
Abstract Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) or female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is the most common form of hair loss in men and women. Despite its common occurrence, our understanding of the etiology of AGA and FPHL remains incomplete. As such, traditional therapies demonstrate modest efficacies and new the
PMID 23924031