lace

　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. do lacework; "The Flemish women were lacing in front of the cathedral"
2. a cord that is drawn through eyelets or around hooks in order to draw together two edges (as of a shoe or garment) (同)lacing
3. a delicate decorative fabric woven in an open web of symmetrical patterns
4. draw through eyes or holes; "lace the shoelaces" (同)lace up
5. a small amount of liquor added to a food or beverage
6. resinlike substance secreted by certain lac insects; used in e.g. varnishes and sealing wax
7. the syllable naming the sixth (submediant) note of a major or minor scale in solmization (同)lah
8. edged or streaked with color; "white blossoms with purple-laced petals"
9. closed with a lace; "snugly laced shoes" (同)tied

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉(靴・衣類などを締める)『ひも』 / 〈U〉『レース』 / 〈U〉(制服などの装飾用)モール / 〈靴など〉‘を'『ひもで締める』《+『up』+『名,』+『名』+『up』》 / (…で)〈衣類など〉‘に'レース飾りをする,へり飾りをつける《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (…を)〈布地など〉‘に'織り混ぜる《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (酒を)…‘に'加える《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 〈靴・衣類などが〉ひもで締まる
2. 〈U〉ひもで縛ること;レース飾りをつけること / 〈U〉(各種の用途の)ひも,レース,金(銀)モール / 〈U〉〈C〉《話》むち打ち / 〈U〉酒を加えること
3. ラック(ワニス・赤色染料の原料)
4. ラ(全音階の第6音)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/21 00:08:33」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Lace (disambiguation).

Valuable old lace, cut and framed for sale in Bruges, Belgium

Lace is a delicate fabric made of yarn or thread in an open weblike pattern, made by machine or by hand.

Originally linen, silk, gold, or silver threads were used. Now lace is often made with cotton thread, although linen and silk threads are still available. Manufactured lace may be made of synthetic fiber. A few modern artists make lace with a fine copper or silver wire instead of thread. A totally different scale are the architectural lace fences by Dutch designers.

Etymology

The word lace is from Middle English, from Old French las, noose, string, from Vulgar Latin *laceum, from Latin laqueus, noose; probably akin to lacere, to entice or ensnare.

Types

There are many types of lace, classified by how they are made. These include:

• Needle lace, such as Venetian Gros Point, is made using a needle and thread. This is the most flexible of the lace-making arts. While some types can be made more quickly than the finest of bobbin laces, others are very time-consuming. Some purists regard needle lace as the height of lace-making. The finest antique needle laces were made from a very fine thread that is not manufactured today.
• Cutwork, or whitework, is lace constructed by removing threads from a woven background, and the remaining threads wrapped or filled with embroidery.
• Bobbin lace, as the name suggests, is made with bobbins and a pillow. The bobbins, turned from wood, bone, or plastic, hold threads which are woven together and held in place with pins stuck in the pattern on the pillow. The pillow contains straw, preferably oat straw or other materials such as sawdust, insulation styrofoam, or ethafoam. Also known as Bone-lace. Chantilly lace is a type of bobbin lace.
• Tape lace makes the tape in the lace as it is worked, or uses a machine- or hand-made textile strip formed into a design, then joined and embellished with needle or bobbin lace.
• Knotted lace includes macramé and tatting. Tatted lace is made with a shuttle or a tatting needle.
• Crocheted lace includes Irish crochet, pineapple crochet, and filet crochet.
• Knitted lace includes Shetland lace, such as the "wedding ring shawl", a lace shawl so fine that it can be pulled through a wedding ring.
• Machine-made lace is any style of lace created or replicated using mechanical means.
• Chemical lace: the stitching area is stitched with embroidery threads that form a continuous motif. Afterwards, the stitching areas are removed and only the embroidery remains. The stitching ground is made of a water-soluble or non-heat-resistant material.

• Needle lace, showing button hole stitch

• Bobbin lace made on a pillow with bobbins and pins

• Broderie anglaise, a type of cutwork

• Filet lace, embroidered on an existing net

• Lace knitting

• Tatting, with shuttle

History

Early lace on a fragment of The Virgin and Child by Hans Memling.

The origin of lace is disputed by historians. An Italian claim is a will of 1493 by the Milanese Sforza family. A Flemish claim is lace on the alb of a worshiping priest in a painting about 1485 by Hans Memling. But since lace evolved from other techniques, it is impossible to say that it originated in any one place.

The late 16th century marked the rapid development of lace, both needle lace and bobbin lace became dominant in both fashion as well as home décor. For enhancing the beauty of collars and cuffs, needle lace was embroidered with loops and picots.

Lace was used by clergy of the early Catholic Church as part of vestments in religious ceremonies but did not come into widespread use until the 16th century in the northwestern part of the European continent. The popularity of lace increased rapidly and the cottage industry of lace making spread throughout Europe. In North America in the 19th century, missionaries spread the knowledge of lace making to the Native American tribes. St. John Francis Regis helped many country girls stay away from the cities by establishing them in the lace making and embroidery trade, which is why he became the Patron Saint of lace making.

The English diarist Samuel Pepys often wrote about the lace used for his, his wife's, and his acquaintances' clothing, and on May 10, 1669, noted that he intended to remove the gold lace from the sleeves of his coat "as it is fit [he] should", possibly in order to avoid charges of ostentatious living.

For the industrial revolution, see Lace machine.

To date inspiring journals, guilds and foundations show that old techniques with a new twist can challenge young people to create works that can definitely classify as art.

Patrons and lace makers

Historical

• Giovanna Dandolo 1457–1462
• Barbara Uthmann 1514–1575
• Morosina Morosini 1545–1614
• Federico de Vinciolo sixteenth-century

Contemporary

• Rosa Elena Egipciaco

See also

• Ribbons
• See-through clothing
• Scranton Lace Company
• Anglo Scotian Mills
• Lippitt Mill
• lacebark

References

External links

• A lace collection including images and descriptions
• Museo del Merletto, Venice

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Dynamics of expression of two vitellogenin genes in the Chagas' disease vector Triatoma infestans: Analysis throughout pre-vitellogenesis and vitellogenesis.

• Blariza MJ1, Leyria J2, Canavoso LE2, Soria NW3, García BA4.
• Acta tropica.Acta Trop.2016 Jan 6;156:100-107. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.01.004. [Epub ahead of print]
• The reproductive success of all oviparous species depends on vitellogenin (Vg) biosynthesis and its accumulation in the developing oocytes. The expression levels of two Vg genes (Vg1 and Vg2) were analyzed by qPCR and western blot in fat body and ovaries of adult females, at different times after ec
• PMID 26772448

• LACE versus BEAM conditioning in relapsed and refractory lymphoma transplant: retrospective multicenter analysis of toxicity and efficacy.

• Khattry N1, Gupta A2, Jain R3, Gore A4, Thippeswamy R2, Jeevangi N2, Kannan S5, Nair R2, Saikia T4.
• International journal of hematology.Int J Hematol.2016 Jan 4. [Epub ahead of print]
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• Patient isolation precautions and 30-day risk of readmission or death after hospital discharge: a prospective cohort study.

• Lau D1, Majumdar SR1, McAlister FA2.
• International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases.Int J Infect Dis.2016 Jan 2;43:74-76. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.12.018. [Epub ahead of print]
• OBJECTIVES: Concerns have been raised that isolation precautions may have unintended consequences. The relationship between patient isolation and the 30-day risk of readmission or death among patients discharged from a general medicine ward was examined.METHODS: A prospective cohort study of adult p
• PMID 26751237

• Patient-Reported Discharge Readiness and 30-Day Risk of Readmission or Death: A Prospective Cohort Study.

• Lau D1, Padwal RS1, Majumdar SR1, Pederson JL1, Belga S1, Kahlon S1, Fradette M2, Boyko D2, McAlister FA3.
• The American journal of medicine.Am J Med.2016 Jan;129(1):89-95. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.08.018. Epub 2015 Sep 5.
• BACKGROUND: Early readmissions to hospital after discharge are common, and clinicians cannot accurately predict their occurrence. We examined whether patients who feel unready at the time of discharge have increased readmissions or death within 30 days.METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of
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Japanese Journal

• Critical two-point functions for long-range statistical-mechanical models in high dimensions

• Chen Lung-Chi,Sakai Akira
• The Annals of Probability 43(2), 639-681, 2015-03
• … We prove that, for d>dc (and the spread-out parameter sufficiently large), the critical two-point function Gpc(x) for each model is asymptotically C|x|α∧2−d, where the constant C∈(0,∞) is expressed in terms of the model-dependent lace-expansion coefficients and exhibits crossover between α<2 and α>2. …
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• 岡部 省吾,須貝 高,石田 卓
• 福岡大学工学集報 94, 33-39, 2015-03
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• An exotic herbivorous insect drives the evolution of resistance in the exotic perennial herb

• Sakata Yuzu,Yamasaki Michimasa,Isagi Yuji,Ohgushi Takayuki
• Ecology 95(9), 2569-2578, 2014-09
• … Recently, an herbivorous insect Corythucha marmorata (lace bug), an exotic insect also from North America, which was first recorded in 2000 in Japan, has been expanding its habitat on S. … Such phenotypic variability among establishment years of lace bugs was likely driven by natural selection rather than stochastic events such as genetic drift and founder effects. …
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• HPVを標的にした子宮頸癌に対する創薬開発

• 川名 敬
• ウイルス 64(1), 35-42, 2014
• 　ヒトパピローマウイルス（HPV）のうち発癌性HPVでは，持続感染によって子宮頸癌をはじめとする癌を発症することがある．HPVを標的とした子宮頸癌治療には，E6, E7が標的分子として期待される．HPVを標的した分子標的治療として我々は2つ考えた．・ウイルス癌遺伝子の発現をsiRNAで抑える核酸医学と，・ウイルス癌蛋白質を癌抗原とした癌免疫療法，である．・ウイルス癌遺伝子の発現を抑える核酸医学は多 …
• NAID 130004922976

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