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1. 小児における口腔軟部組織病変 soft tissue lesions of the oral cavity in children
2. 歯の発達障害 developmental defects of the teeth
3. 小陰唇肥大症 labia minora hypertrophy
4. 思春期前の小児に生じる外陰膣障害の概要 overview of vulvovaginal complaints in the prepubertal child
5. 下顎、口、口腔、および咽頭の先天異常 congenital anomalies of the jaw mouth oral cavity and pharynx

Lingual and Maxillary Labial Frenuloplasty with Myofunctional Therapy as a Treatment for Mouth Breathing and Snoring.

Govardhan C, Murdock J, Norouz-Knutsen L, Valcu-Pinkerton S, Zaghi S.
Case reports in otolaryngology. 2019 ;2019()3408053.
Chronic mouth breathing may adversely affect craniofacial development in children and may result in anatomical changes that directly impact the stability and collapsibility of the upper airway during sleep. Mouth breathing is a multifactorial problem that can be attributed to structural, functional,
PMID 31001444

Nakhash R, Wasserteil N, Mimouni FB, Kasirer YM, Hammerman C, Bin-Nun A.
Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine. 2019 Mar;14(2)83-87.
Upper lip tie (ULT) articles have been recorded in Medline since 1998, while "labial frenum" articles have been recorded since 1946. to study the existing medical literature on ULT (or labial frenum or fraenum) as they relate to breastfeeding. Medline search engine was used to determine and subseque
PMID 30681376

Frenectomy with conventional scalpel and Nd:YAG laser technique: A comparative evaluation.

Yadav RK, Verma UP, Sajjanhar I, Tiwari R.
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. ;23(1)48-52.
Frenectomy is complete excision of the frenum attachment to the underlying bone. Conventional frenectomy with blade has been widely used; however, laser-assisted frenectomy is the most recent alternative. The present study aims to compare two methods of frenectomy for the pain experienced, intraoper
PMID 30692743