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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/02/24 13:39:14」(JST)

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Kainic acid is a natural marine acid present in some seaweed. It is a specific agonist for the kainate receptor used as an ionotropic glutamate receptor which mimics the effect of glutamate. Along with quisqualate, it is used in experiments to distinguish a receptor from the other ionotropic receptors for glutamate such as NMDA and AMPA.

Occurrence[edit]

In 1953, kainic acid was originally isolated from the seaweed^[2] called "Kainin-sou"(海人草) or "Makuri" (Digenea simplex) in Japan. "Kainin-sou" is used as an anthelmintic in Japan.

Kainic acid is a potent central nervous system stimulant, and has been developed as the prototype neuroexcitatory amino acid for the induction of seizures in experimental animals, at a typical dose of 10-30 mg/kg in mice. Kainic acid is neuroexcitotoxic and epileptogenic, acting through specific kainate receptors. Because of the supply shortage in 2000, the price of kainic acid has risen significantly.

Applications[edit]

antiworming agent
neuroscience research
- neurodegenerative agent
- modeling of epilepsy
- modeling of Alzheimer's disease

References[edit]

^ PubChem 10255
^ Moloney, Mark G. (1998). "Excitatory amino acids". Natural Product Reports 15 (2): 205–219. doi:10.1039/a815205y. PMID 9586226.

External links[edit]

Kainate Receptors

UpToDate Contents

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4. 痙攣発作およびてんかんの病態生理 pathophysiology of seizures and epilepsy
5. 小児におけるてんかん重積状態の臨床的特徴および合併症 clinical features and complications of status epilepticus in children

English Journal

Distribution of neurotransmitter receptors and zinc in the pigeon (Columba livia) hippocampal formation: A basis for further comparison with the mammalian hippocampus.

Herold C1, Bingman VP, Ströckens F, Letzner S, Sauvage M, Palomero-Gallagher N, Zilles K, Güntürkün O.
The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2014 Aug 1;522(11):2553-75. doi: 10.1002/cne.23549.
The avian hippocampal formation (HF) and mammalian hippocampus share a similar functional role in spatial cognition, but the underlying neuronal mechanisms allowing the functional similarity are incompletely understood. To understand better the organization of the avian HF and its transmitter recept
PMID 24477871

Endogenous kynurenic acid regulates extracellular GABA levels in the rat prefrontal cortex.

Beggiato S1, Tanganelli S2, Fuxe K3, Antonelli T2, Schwarcz R4, Ferraro L5.
Neuropharmacology.Neuropharmacology.2014 Jul;82:11-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.02.019. Epub 2014 Mar 7.
The tryptophan metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous antagonist of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) and, at higher concentrations, inhibits ionotropic glutamate receptors. Increases in KYNA levels are seen in brain and cerebrospinal fluid in individuals with schizophre
PMID 24607890

Group III mGlu Receptor Agonist, ACPT-I, Exerts Potential Neuroprotective Effects In Vitro and In Vivo.

Domin H1, Gołembiowska K, Jantas D, Kamińska K, Zięba B, Smiałowska M.
Neurotoxicity research.Neurotox Res.2014 Jul;26(1):99-113. doi: 10.1007/s12640-013-9455-7. Epub 2014 Jan 9.
Many evidence suggest that metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) may modulate glutamatergic transmission, hence, these receptors are regarded as potential targets for neuroprotective drugs. Since group III mGlu receptor agonists are known to reduce glutamatergic transmission by inhibiting glutam
PMID 24402869

Japanese Journal

原子レベルで見るカイニン酸型グルタミン酸受容体を制御する化合物の結合様式とその選択性

海野昌喜,佐々木誠,酒井隆一 [他]
日本結晶学会誌 54(6), 338-344, 2012-12-00
NAID 40019560780

Protection of Apigenin against Kainate-Induced Excitotoxicity by Anti-oxidative Effects

Han Jin-Yi,Ahn Sun-Young,Kim Chung-Soo [他],Yoo Sung-Kwang,Kim Si-Kwan,Kim Hyoung-Chun,Hong Jin Tae,Oh Ki-Wan
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 35(9), 1440-1446, 2012
Apigenin (5,7,4′-trihydroxyflavone) is a principal ingredient of Cirsium japonicum. These experiments were performed to determine whether apigenin has neuroprotective effects against kainic acid (KA)- …
NAID 130001872064

Synaptic Pattern of KA1 and KA2 upon the Direction-Selective Ganglion Cells in Developing and Adult Mouse Retina

Lee Jee-Geon,Lee Kyoung-Pil,Jeon Chang-Jin
ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA 45(1), 35-45, 2012
… In this article, we investigated the distributions of kainate glutamate receptor subtypes KA1 and KA2 on the dendritic arbors of DS-RGCs in developing (5, 10) days postnatal (PN) and adult mouse retina to search for anisotropies. … The distribution of kainate receptor subtypes on the DS-RGCs was determined using antibody immunocytochemistry. …
NAID 130001854313

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「カイニン酸」
拡張検索	「kainate receptor」「AMPA-kainate receptor」

「カイニン酸」

Kainic acid
	IUPAC name (2S,3S,4S)-3-(Carboxymethyl)-4-prop-1-en-2-ylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
	Other names (3S,4S)-3-(Carboxymethyl)-4-prop-1-en-2-yl-L-proline; 2-Carboxy-3-carboxymethyl-4-isopropenyl-pyrrolidine[citation needed]
Identifiers
CAS number	487-79-6
PubChem	10255
ChemSpider	9837
UNII	SIV03811UC
KEGG	C12819
MeSH	Kainic+acid
ChEBI	CHEBI:31746
ChEMBL	CHEMBL27527
Beilstein Reference	86660
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
	SMILES CC(=C)[C@H]1CN[C@@H]([C@H]1CC(=O)O)C(=O)O ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C10H15NO4/c1-5(2)7-4-11-9(10(14)15)6(7)3-8(12)13/h6-7,9,11H,1,3-4H2,2H3,(H,12,13)(H,14,15) ; Key: VLSMHEGGTFMBBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
Properties
Molecular formula	C10H15NO4
Molar mass	213.23 g mol−1
Melting point	215 °C; 419 °F; 488 K (decomposes)
log P	0.635
Acidity (pKa)	2.031
Basicity (pKb)	11.966
Structure
Crystal structure	Monoclinic
	(verify) (what is: /?); Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
	Infobox references