イソペンタン
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- pentane
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/04/16 04:09:37」(JST)
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Isopentane
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| Names |
| Preferred IUPAC name
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| Other names
Isopentane (no longer recommended[1])
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| Identifiers |
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CAS Number
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3D model (JSmol)
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Beilstein Reference
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1730723 |
| ChEBI |
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| ChemSpider |
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| ECHA InfoCard |
100.001.039 |
| EC Number |
201-142-8 |
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Gmelin Reference
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49318 |
| MeSH |
isopentane |
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| RTECS number |
EK4430000 |
| UNII |
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| UN number |
1265 |
InChI
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InChI=1S/C5H12/c1-4-5(2)3/h5H,4H2,1-3H3 Y
Key: QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
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| Properties |
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Chemical formula
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C5H12 |
| Molar mass |
72.15 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance |
Colorless liquid |
| Odor |
Odorless |
| Density |
616 mg mL−1[2] |
| Melting point |
−161 to −159 °C; −258 to −254 °F; 112 to 114 K |
| Boiling point |
27.8 to 28.2 °C; 81.9 to 82.7 °F; 300.9 to 301.3 K |
| Vapor pressure |
76.992 kPa (at 20 °C) |
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Henry's law
constant (kH)
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7.2 nmol Pa−1 kg−1 |
| UV-vis (λmax) |
192 nm |
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Refractive index (nD)
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1.354 |
| Viscosity |
0.214 cP (at 20 °C) |
| Thermochemistry |
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Specific
heat capacity (C)
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164.85 J K−1 mol−1 |
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Std molar
entropy (So298)
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260.41 J K−1 mol−1 |
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Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfHo298)
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−179.1–−177.3 kJ mol−1 |
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Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcHo298)
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~ 3.3 MJ mol−1, 19,664 Btu/lb |
| Hazards |
| GHS pictograms |
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| GHS signal word |
DANGER |
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GHS hazard statements
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H224, H304, H336, H411 |
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GHS precautionary statements
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P210, P261, P273, P301+310, P331 |
| NFPA 704 |
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| Flash point |
−51 °C (−60 °F; 222 K) |
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Autoignition
temperature
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420 °C (788 °F; 693 K) |
| Explosive limits |
1.4–8.3% |
| Related compounds |
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Related alkanes
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- Isobutane
- 2-Methylpentane
- 3-Methylpentane
- 3-Ethylpentane
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Related compounds
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2-Ethyl-1-butanol |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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| N verify (what is YN ?) |
| Infobox references |
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Isopentane, C5H12, also called methylbutane or 2-methylbutane, is a branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms. Isopentane is an extremely volatile and extremely flammable liquid at room temperature and pressure. It is also one of the least dense liquids.The normal boiling point is just a few degrees above room temperature and isopentane will readily boil and evaporate away on a warm day. Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with liquid nitrogen to achieve a liquid bath temperature of −160 °C. It is 1% or less of natural gas (CH4 or methane).[3]
Contents
- 1 Nomenclature
- 2 Isomers
- 3 Uses
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Nomenclature
The traditional name isopentane was still retained in the 1993 IUPAC recommendations,[4][5] but is no longer recommended according to the 2013 recommendations.[1] The preferred IUPAC name is the systematic name 2-methylbutane. An isopentyl group is a subset of the generic pentyl group. It has the chemical structure -CH3CH2CH(CH3)2.
Isomers
Isopentane is one of three structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H12, the others being pentane (n-pentane) and neopentane (dimethyl propane).
Uses
Isopentane is used in a closed loop in geothermal power production to drive turbines.[6]
Isopentane is used, in conjunction with dry ice or liquid nitrogen, to freeze tissues for cryosectioning in histology. [7]
References
- ^ a b c Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 652. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
The names ‘isobutane’, ‘isopentane’ and ‘neopentane’ are no longer recommended.
- ^ James Wei (1999), Molecular Symmetry, Rotational Entropy, and Elevated Melting Points. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., volume 38 issue 12, pp. 5019–5027 doi:10.1021/ie990588m
- ^ Georg Hammer, Torsten Lübcke, Roland Kettner, Mark R. Pillarella, Herta Recknagel, Axel Commichau, Hans-Joachim Neumann and Barbara Paczynska-Lahme "Natural Gas" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_073.pub2
- ^ Table 19(a) Acyclic and monocyclic hydrocarbons. Parent hydrocarbons
- ^ Panico, R.; & Powell, W. H. (Eds.) (1994). A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 1993. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-632-03488-2.
- ^ Byproduct Isopentane also used in some of the LPG plant to run the boiler and generate the power. HS Orka HF Energy Plant IV
- ^ http://www.uab.edu/research/administration/offices/ARP/ComparativePathology/Pathology/Histopathology/TissueSubmission/Pages/Freezing-Tissues-for-Cryosectioning.aspx
External links
- International Chemical Safety Card 1153
- IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (online version of the "Blue Book")
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Alkanes
|
- Methane (CH
4)
- Ethane (C
2H
6)
- Propane (C
3H
8)
- Butane (C
4H
10)
- Pentane (C
5H
12)
- Hexane (C
6H
14)
- Heptane (C
7H
16)
- Octane (C
8H
18)
- Nonane (C
9H
20)
- Decane (C
10H
22)
- Undecane (C
11H
24)
- Dodecane (C
12H
26)
- Tridecane (C
13H
28)
- Tetradecane (C
14H
30)
- Pentadecane (C
15H
32)
- Hexadecane / Cetane (C
16H
34)
- Heptadecane (C
17H
36)
- Octadecane (C
18H
38)
- Nonadecane (C
19H
40)
- Icosane (C
20H
42)
- Heneicosane (C
21H
44)
- Tetracosane (C
24H
50)
- Nonacosane (C
29H
60)
- Hentriacontane (C
31H
64)
|
- Higher alkanes
- List of alkanes
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Practical macromolecular cryocrystallography.
- Pflugrath JW1.
- Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications.Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun.2015 Jun 1;71(Pt 6):622-42. doi: 10.1107/S2053230X15008304. Epub 2015 May 27.
- Cryocrystallography is an indispensable technique that is routinely used for single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collection at temperatures near 100 K, where radiation damage is mitigated. Modern procedures and tools to cryoprotect and rapidly cool macromolecular crystals with a significant solv
- PMID 26057787
- The influence of tissue procurement procedures on RNA integrity, gene expression, and morphology in porcine and human liver tissue.
- Kap M1, Sieuwerts AM2, Kubista M3, Oomen M1, Arshad S1, Riegman P1.
- Biopreservation and biobanking.Biopreserv Biobank.2015 Jun;13(3):200-6. doi: 10.1089/bio.2014.0076.
- The advent of molecular characterization of tissues has brought an increasing emphasis on the quality of biospecimens, starting with the tissue procurement process. RNA levels are particularly affected by factors in the collection process, but the influence of different pre-analytical factors is not
- PMID 26035010
- Photoisomerization of cis-1,2-di(1-Methyl-2-naphthyl)ethene at 77 K in Glassy Media.
- Redwood C1, Ratheesh Kumar VK, Hutchinson S, Mallory FB, Mallory CW, Clark RJ, Dmitrenko O, Saltiel J.
- Photochemistry and photobiology.Photochem Photobiol.2015 May;91(3):607-15. doi: 10.1111/php.12367. Epub 2014 Nov 21.
- cis-1,2-Di(1-methyl-2-naphthyl)ethene, c-1,1, undergoes photoisomerization in methylcyclohexane, isopentane and diethyl ether/isopentane/ethanol glasses at 77 K. On 313 nm excitation the fluorescence of c-1,1 is replaced by fluorescence from t-1,1. Singular value decomposition reveals that the spe
- PMID 25327389
Japanese Journal
- イソペンタンの気相均一酸化反応による各種含酸素化合物の生成経路
- 熊沢 賢二,増田 秀樹,西村 修 [他],加藤 龍夫
- 日本食品科学工学会誌 : Nippon shokuhin kagaku kogaku kaishi = Journal of the Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology 45(12), 728-734, 1998-12-15
- … The aroma concentrate from brewed black tea (Darjeeling) were obtained by a Porapak Q column adsorption method followed by elution with diethyl ether: isopentane (4:1) solution. …
- NAID 10007587648
- 7.超強酸で低分子化した瀝青炭の水素化と熱分解反応性
- 高木 英行,礒田 隆聡,草壁 克己,諸岡 成治
- 石炭科学会議発表論文集 (35), 31-34, 1998-11-19
- … Illinois #6 coal was treated using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMS) in the presence of isopentane and methylcyclopentane at 120℃ for 3h. …
- NAID 110006857128
Related Links
- イソペンタン 概要 組織的名前 イソペンタン 他の名前 Methylbutane 2-Methylbutane 分子方式 (CH 3) 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 微笑 C(C)CCC モルの固まり 72.15 g/mol 出現 無色の液体 CAS 数 [ 78-78-4 ] 特性 密度 そして 段階 0.6 g/ML 、 液体
- Constitutional Isomers of C5H12 - Organic Chemistry I, A gallon of isopentane above its boiling point, How to Pronounce Isopentane, University of Michigan Muscle Biopsy Freezing #1, Newman Projection, The Cut Off Technique for ...
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