WordNet

therapy that uses a local electric current to introduce the ions of a medicine into the tissues (同)ionic medication, iontotherapy, electromotive drug administration, EMDA

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/02 22:17:29」(JST)

wiki en

Iontophoresis, also called electromotive drug administration (EMDA), is a technique using a small electric charge to deliver a medicine or other chemical through the skin^[1]; essentially it is an injection without a needle. The technical description of this process is a non-invasive method of propelling high concentrations of a charged substance, normally a medication or bioactive agent, transdermally by repulsive electromotive force using a small electrical charge applied to an iontophoretic chamber containing a similarly charged active agent and its vehicle. One or two chambers are filled with a solution containing an active ingredient and its solvent, also called the vehicle. The positively charged chamber, called the anode, will repel a positively charged chemical, whereas the negatively charged chamber, called the cathode, will repel a negatively charged chemical into the skin.

Iontophoresis is well classified for use in transdermal drug delivery. Unlike transdermal patches, this method relies on active transportation within an electric field. In the presence of an electric field electromigration and electroosmosis are the dominant forces in mass transport. These movements are measured in units of chemical flux, commonly µmol/cm²h.

Uses

Reverse iontophoresis is the process by which molecules are removed from within the body for detection. In reverse iontophoresis, the negative charge of the skin at buffered pH causes it to be permselective to cations, causing solvent flow towards the anode. This flow is the dominant force, allowing movement of neutral molecules, including glucose, across the skin. This technology is currently being used in such devices as the GlucoWatch, which allows for blood glucose detection across skin layers using reverse iontophoresis.

Iontophoresis is commonly used by physical therapists for the application of anti-inflammatory medications. Common diagnoses treated with Iontophoresis include plantar fasciitis, bursitis, and some types of hyperhidrosis. In this specific application, the solution chosen is usually tap water, but better results can be obtained using glycopyrronium bromide, a cholinergic inhibitor. Iontophoresis of acetylcholine is used in research as a way to test the health of the endothelium by stimulating endothelium-dependent generation of nitric oxide and subsequent microvascular vasodilation. Acetylcholine is positively charged and, therefore, placed in the anode.

Pilocarpine iontophoresis is often used to stimulate sweat secretion, as part of cystic fibrosis diagnosis.^[2]

References

^ Dhote V (2012). "Iontophoresis: A Potential Emergence of a Transdermal Drug Delivery System". Sci Pharm 80 (1): 1–28. doi:10.3797/scipharm.1108-20.
^ Sam, Amir H.; James T.H. Teo (2010). Rapid Medicine. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 1-4051-8323-3.

External links

Episode of TV series Quincy ME, featuring the use of iontophoresis to commit a murder
Iontophoresis and Hyperhidrosis

S.W. Ying, D.X. Zhang and Benjamin Rusak: Effects of 5-HT agonists and melatonin on photic responses of neurons in the hamster intergeniculate leaflet. Brain Res 628:8, 1993
S.W. Ying and B. Rusak: effects of 5-HT agonists on firing activity of photically responsive neurons in the hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus. Brain Res 651:37, 1994.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 原発性局所多汗症 primary focal hyperhidrosis
2. 小児における局所麻酔剤 topical anesthetics in children
3. 上顆炎（テニス肘およびゴルフ肘） epicondylitis tennis and golf elbow
4. 過負荷による（慢性）腱障害のマネージメントの概要 overview of the management of overuse chronic tendinopathy
5. 高齢者におけるリハビリテーションの概要：リハビリテーションのプログラム構成および環境 overview of geriatric rehabilitation program components and settings for rehabilitation

English Journal

The iontophoresis of lignocaine with epinephrine into carious dentine for pain control during cavity preparation in human molars.

Smitayothin TL1, Vongsavan K1, Rirattanapong P1, Kraivaphan P2, Vongsavan N3, Matthews B4.
Archives of oral biology.Arch Oral Biol.2015 Aug;60(8):1104-8. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.04.005. Epub 2015 Apr 24.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of the iontophoretic delivery of lignocaine with epinephrine through carious dentine for pain control during cavity preparation.DESIGN: The experiments were carried out on 56 carious molars that required class I restorations in 42 subjects (aged 15-20 years)
PMID 25985039

Effects of the iontophoresis of lignocaine with epinephrine into exposed dentine on the sensitivity of the dentine in man.

Thongkukiatkun W1, Vongsavan K1, Kraivaphan P2, Rirattanapong P1, Vongsavan N3, Matthews B4.
Archives of oral biology.Arch Oral Biol.2015 Aug;60(8):1098-103. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.04.006. Epub 2015 Apr 25.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of the iontophoretic application of lignocaine and epinephrine to exposed dentine on the sensitivity of the dentine in human subjects.DESIGN: The experiments were carried out on 13 healthy premolars (13 subjects) that were scheduled for extraction. Dentine was exp
PMID 25985038

Whole finger iontophoresis of sodium nitroprusside to increase blood flow in patients with systemic sclerosis: Influence of concentration.

Little J1, Murray A2, Dinsdale G2, Wilkinson J3, Moore T2, Herrick AL2.
International journal of pharmaceutics.Int J Pharm.2015 Jul 25;490(1-2):446-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.034. Epub 2015 May 22.
Iontophoresis of sodium nitroprusside increases finger blood flow in patients with systemic sclerosis, a multisystem connective tissue disease. Our aim was to examine the influence of dose, as a first step in exploring a possible new therapeutic approach. Ten patients with SSc and nine healthy contr
PMID 26008647

Japanese Journal

イオントフォレシスを目的とした経皮投与用ナノ粒子の製剤設計 (特集新たな医療のディメンジョンを模索するオレオサイエンス)

鈴木健一
オレオサイエンス 15(3), 123-129, 2015-03
NAID 40020372567

Evaluation of calcium alginate gel as electrode material for alternating current iontophoresis of lidocaine using excised rat skin

Ebisawa Tomoko,Nakajima Atsushi,Haida Haruka,Wakita Ryo,Ando Shizuka,Yoshioka Tomohiko,Ikoma Toshiyuki,Tanaka Junzo,Fukayama Haruhisa
Journal of medical and dental sciences 61(2), 41-48, 2014-06
… Iontophoresis (IOP) is a noninvasive method of delivering medication transcutaneously through the skin. …
NAID 110009889910

Comparison of Tap Water and Normal Saline Iontophoresis in Idiopathic Hyperhidrosis: A Case Report

Yaghobi Zahra,Goljarian Sakineh,Oskouei Ali E.
Journal of Physical Therapy Science 26(8), 1313-1315, 2014
… [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of tap water (drinking water) and normal saline (sodium chloride solution 0.9%) iontophoresis treatment for a patient with idiopathic hyperhidrosis [Subjects and Methods] In this study, tap water and normal saline iontophoresis were used to treat a 21 year-old female who was suffering from severe palmoplantar idiopathic hyperhidrosis. …
NAID 130004684850

Related Pictures

Iontophoresis brito. Iontophoresis - For Palms and Soles MD-2 Iontophoresis Machine - Hyperhidrosis Devices - RA Fischer Co. Iontophoresis wireless application

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「イオントフォレーシス」「イオン泳動」「イオン注入」「イオン導入法」「イオン導入」
拡張検索	「microiontophoresis」