積分器、積分回路、インテグレーター、統合装置

WordNet

a measuring instrument for measuring the area of an irregular plane figure (同)planimeter

PrepTutorEJDIC

崩壊(分解)させるもの / (鉱石・原料などの)粉砕機

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/19 02:12:31」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

An integrator may also be a systems integrator.

An integrator is a component whose output signal is the time integral of its input signal. It is the continuous analog of a counter, cumulating the input into an output.

Integration is an important part of many engineering and scientific calculations. Mechanical integrators are used in such applications as metering of water flow or electric power. Electronic analog integrators were the basis of analog computers.

In signal processing circuits

A circuit diagram of an integrating amplifier made using an operational amplifier.

See also Integrator at op amp applications

An electronic integrator is a form of first-order low-pass filter, which can be performed in the continuous-time (analog) domain or approximated (simulated) in the discrete-time (digital) domain. An integrator will have a low pass filtering effect but when given an offset it will accumulate a value building it until it reaches a limit of the system or overflows.

A voltage integrator is an electronic device performing a time integration of an electric voltage, thus measuring the total volt-second product.

A current integrator is an electronic device performing a time integration of an electric current, thus measuring a total electric charge. A charge amplifier is an example of current integrator. A current integrator is also used to measure the electric charge on a Faraday cup in a residual gas analyzer to measure partial pressures of gasses in a vacuum. Another application of current integration is in ion beam deposition, where the measured charge directly corresponds to the number of ions deposited on a substrate, assuming the charge state of the ions is known. The two current-carrying electrical leads must to be connected to the ion source and the substrate, closing the electric circuit which in part is given by the ion beam.

In software

Integrators may also be software components.

In some computational physics computer simulations, such as numerical weather prediction, molecular dynamics, flight simulators, reservoir simulation, noise barrier design, architectural acoustics, and electronic circuit simulation, an integrator is a numerical method for integrating trajectories from forces (and thereby accelerations) that are only calculated at discrete time steps.

Mechanical integrators

Mechanical integrators were key elements in the mechanical differential analyser, used to solve practical physical problems. Mechanical integration mechanisms were also used in control systems such as regulating flows or temperature in industrial processes.

References

External links

Wolfram Online Integrator
Calc.Matthen Online Integrator, can do definite integrals

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 筋強直性ジストロフィー：病因、臨床的特徴、および診断 myotonic dystrophy etiology clinical features and diagnosis
2. 胃酸分泌の生理学 physiology of gastric acid secretion
3. 乗物酔い motion sickness
4. 先天性ミオパシー congenital myopathies

English Journal

Harmonic active contours.

Estellers V, Zosso D, Bresson X, Thiran JP.AbstractWe propose a segmentation method based on the geometric representation of images as 2-D manifolds embedded in a higher dimensional space. The segmentation is formulated as a minimization problem, where the contours are described by a level set function and the objective functional corresponds to the surface of the image manifold. In this geometric framework, both data-fidelity and regularity terms of the segmentation are represented by a single functional that intrinsically aligns the gradients of the level set function with the gradients of the image and results in a segmentation criterion that exploits the directional information of image gradients to overcome image inhomogeneities and fragmented contours. The proposed formulation combines this robust alignment of gradients with attractive properties of previous methods developed in the same geometric framework: 1) the natural coupling of image channels proposed for anisotropic diffusion and 2) the ability of subjective surfaces to detect weak edges and close fragmented boundaries. The potential of such a geometric approach lies in the general definition of Riemannian manifolds, which naturally generalizes existing segmentation methods (the geodesic active contours, the active contours without edges, and the robust edge integrator) to higher dimensional spaces, non-flat images, and feature spaces. Our experiments show that the proposed technique improves the segmentation of multi-channel images, images subject to inhomogeneities, and images characterized by geometric structures like ridges or valleys.
IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society.IEEE Trans Image Process.2014 Jan;23(1):69-82. doi: 10.1109/TIP.2013.2286326. Epub 2013 Oct 18.
We propose a segmentation method based on the geometric representation of images as 2-D manifolds embedded in a higher dimensional space. The segmentation is formulated as a minimization problem, where the contours are described by a level set function and the objective functional corresponds to the
PMID 24144662

Numb modulates the paracellular permeability of intestinal epithelial cells through regulating apical junctional complex assembly and myosin light chain phosphorylation.

Yang Y, Chen L, Tian Y, Ye J, Liu Y, Song L, Pan Q, He Y, Chen W, Peng Z, Wang R.SourceDepartment of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China.
Experimental cell research.Exp Cell Res.2013 Dec 10;319(20):3214-25. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.07.003. Epub 2013 Jul 19.
Numb is highly expressed throughout the crypt-villus axis of intestinal mucosa and functions as cell fate determinant and integrator of cell-to-cell adhesion. Increased paracellular permeability of intestinal epithelial cells is associated with the epithelial barrier dysfunction of inflammatory bowe
PMID 23872314

Accuracy and response-time distributions for decision-making: linear perfect integrators versus nonlinear attractor-based neural circuits.

Miller P, Katz DB.SourceVolen National Center for Complex Systems, Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South St, Waltham, MA, 02454-9110, USA, pmiller@brandeis.edu.
Journal of computational neuroscience.J Comput Neurosci.2013 Dec;35(3):261-94. doi: 10.1007/s10827-013-0452-x. Epub 2013 Apr 23.
Animals choose actions based on imperfect, ambiguous data. "Noise" inherent in neural processing adds further variability to this already-noisy input signal. Mathematical analysis has suggested that the optimal apparatus (in terms of the speed/accuracy trade-off) for reaching decisions about such no
PMID 23608921

Japanese Journal

積分器を有するシステムの同定について

竹下侑,川口貴弘,足立修一
計測自動制御学会論文集 50(4), 342-347, 2014-04
NAID 40020067277

q4ポテンシャル系におけるシンプレクティック差分の収束半径

小林礼人コバヤシヒロトKobayashi Hiroto
中部大学工学部紀要 49, 37, 2014-03
… In the calculation of evolution of the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator systems, the energy of the system does not deviate largely from the initial value because the integrator has a conserved quantity that is slightly modified original energy. … The integrator for the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator system works within a convergence radius that is independent of initial conditions. …
NAID 120005428819

マルチチャンネル分光器を用いたPLD成膜プロセス診断の検討

柴垣寛治,川野晃太
日本高専学会誌 : journal of the Japan Association for College of Technology 18(3), 35-40, 2013-07-31
パルスレーザー堆積法を用いた形状記憶合金薄膜の成膜プロセスにおける,プラズマプルームの分光計測を試みた.従来は回折格子分光器とボックスカー積分器を用いた時間分解計測を行っていたが,本研究では比較的安価で取扱いの容易なマルチチャンネル分光器による計測が可能かを検証した.実験の結果,時間分解計測はできないがプラズマに含まれる発光種の同定のみであれば十分可能であることがわかった.
NAID 110009635037