WordNet

of or relating to infection; "infectious hospital"; "infectious disease"
caused by infection or capable of causing infection; "viruses and other infective agents"; "a carrier remains infective without himself showing signs of the disease" (同)infective
easily spread; "fear is exceedingly infectious; children catch it from their elders"- Bertrand Russell
a harmful or corrupting agency; "bigotry is a virus that must not be allowed to spread"; "the virus of jealousy is latent in everyone"
(virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of protein
a software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer; "a true virus cannot spread to another computer without human assistance" (同)computer virus
the localized death of living cells (as from infection or the interruption of blood supply) (同)mortification, gangrene, sphacelus
of or involving the pancreas; "pancreatic cancer"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(病気が)伝染する,伝染性の / (影響などが)感化しやすい,うつりやすい
ビールス,ろ過性病原体
壊疽(えそ)
膵臓の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/07 11:23:19」(JST)

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Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a severe viral disease of salmonid fish. It is caused by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, which is a member of the Birnaviridae family. This disease mainly affects young salmonids, such as trout or salmon, of less than six months, although adult fish may carry the virus without showing symptoms.^[1] Resistance to infection develops more rapidly in warmer water. It is highly contagious and found worldwide, but some regions have managed to eradicate or greatly reduce the incidence of disease. The disease is normally spread horizontally via infected water, but spread also occurs vertically. It is not a zoonosis.

Clinical signs and diagnosis

A sharp rise in mortality is often seen (depending on the virulence of the disease). Other clinical signs include abdominal swelling, anorexia, abnormal swimming, darkening of the skin, and trailing of the feces from the vent. On necropsy, internal damage (viral necrosis) to the pancreas and thick mucus in the intestines often is present.^[1] Surviving fish should recover within one to two weeks.

Diagnostic methods for the detection of the disease include: characteristic histological pancreatic lesion, PCR, indirect fluorescent antibody testing, ELISA, and virus culture. High virus titers can be isolated from carrier animals.

Treatment and control

Currently, no treatment is available.

Good husbandry measures, such as high water quality, low stocking density, and no mixing of batches, help to reduce disease incidence. To eradicate the disease, very strict protocol with regards to movement, water sources and stock replacement must be in place – and still it is difficult to achieve and comes at a high economic cost.

References

^ ^a ^b "Fisheries Research Services". Retrieved 2009-07-03.

External links

Infectious pancreatic necrosis – The Scottish Government: Marine and Fisheries
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis, reviewed and published by Wikivet at http://en.wikivet.net/Infectious_Pancreatic_Necrosis, accessed 09/09/2011.

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4. 小児における膵疾患のERCP ercp for pancreatic disease in children
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English Journal

Flow cytometry detection of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) within subpopulations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) leucocytes after vaccination and during the time course of experimental infection.

Rønneseth A, Haugland GT, Wergeland HI.SourceDepartment of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen High-Technology Center, PO Box 7803, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway. Electronic address: anita.ronneseth@bio.uib.no.
Fish & shellfish immunology.Fish Shellfish Immunol.2013 May;34(5):1294-305. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.02.016. Epub 2013 Mar 1.
In the present study, intracellular infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in salmon leucocytes was detected by flow cytometry after experimental cohabitant challenge. IPNV vaccinated, non-vaccinated and intraperitoneally (i.p.) infected salmon (virus shedders) were analysed at different times
PMID 23458707

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in fish by-products is inactivated with inorganic acid (pH 1) and base (pH 12).

Myrmel M, Modahl I, Nygaard H, Lie KM.SourceNorwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
Journal of fish diseases.J Fish Dis.2013 Apr 26. doi: 10.1111/jfd.12111. [Epub ahead of print]
The aquaculture industry needs a simple, inexpensive and safe method for the treatment of fish waste without heat. Microbial inactivation by inorganic acid (HCl) or base (KOH) was determined using infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) as a model organism for fish pathogens. Salmonella and spor
PMID 23617746

A single amino acid substitution in viral VP1 protein alters the lytic potential of clone-derived variants of echovirus 9 DM strain in human pancreatic islets.

Paananen A, Ylipaasto P, Smura T, Lempinen M, Galama J, Roivainen M.SourceIntestinal Viruses Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Journal of medical virology.J Med Virol.2013 Apr 17. doi: 10.1002/jmv.23574. [Epub ahead of print]
In vitro studies with primary human pancreatic islets suggest that several enterovirus serotypes are able to infect and replicate in beta cells. Some enterovirus strains are highly cytolytic in vitro whereas others show virus replication with no apparent islet destruction. The capability to induce i
PMID 23595636

Japanese Journal

Production of biologically active Atlantic salmon interferon in transgenic potato and rice plants(PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY)

Fukuzawa Noriho,Tabayashi Noriko,Okinaka Yasushi [他],Furusawa Ryo,Furuta Kazuyoshi,Kagaya Uiko,Matsumura Takeshi
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 110(2), 201-207, 2010-08
… The antiviral activity of the SasaIFN-α1 protein expressed in these plants was determined by the survival rates of pre-treated cultured fish cells against pancreatic necrosis virus infection. …
NAID 110007700570

わが国におけるサケ・マス類の病原ウイルス, 特に伝染性サケ貧血症ウイルスの浸潤状況

笠井久会,岩脇周平,吉水守
魚病研究 44(4), 182-184, 2009-12-15
… Infectious salmon anemia (ISA) is a virus disease of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Europe and the Americas, but it has not been isolated in Far East Asia. … In this study, we conducted virus isolation with ASK and ASE cells targeting ISA virus (ISAV) from a total of 5,967 fish belonging to eight salmonid species in Japan from 2005 to 2007. …
NAID 10026105888

Protection of rainbow trout from infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) by injection of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) or Poly(I:C)

Kim Hyoung Jun,Oseko Norihisa,Nishizawa Toyohiko,Yoshimizu Mamoru
Diseases of aquatic organisms 83(2), 105-113, 2009-02-12
… It was recently reported that prophylaxis against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in fish was induced by pre-exposure to the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). …
NAID 120005323613