WordNet

not direct in spatial dimension; not leading by a straight line or course to a destination; "sometimes taking an indirect path saves time"; "you must take an indirect course in sailing"
extended senses; not direct in manner or language or behavior or action; "making indirect but legitimate inquiries"; "an indirect insult"; "doubtless they had some indirect purpose in mind"; "though his methods are indirect they are not dishonest"; "known as a shady indirect fellow"
having intervening factors or persons or influences; "reflection from the ceiling provided a soft indirect light"; "indirect evidence"; "an indirect cause"
not as a direct effect or consequence; "indirect benefits"; "an indirect advantage"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(道などが)『真っすぐでない』,回り道の / (話し方が)遠回しの,率直でない / (結果などが)『間接的な』,二次的な

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1. モノアミン酸化酵素阻害剤（MAOI）：薬理学、投与方法、安全性、副作用monoamine oxidase inhibitors maois pharmacology administration safety and side effects [show details]
…syndrome. Direct and indirect sympathomimetics – A hypertensive crisis can occur if MAOIs are combined or taken in close proximity with either direct or indirect sympathomimetics, such as the following: …
2. 喘息におけるβ刺激剤：急性期投与および予防的使用 beta agonists in asthma acute administration and prophylactic use [show details]
…polymorphisms of the receptor in individual responses to beta agonists are discussed separately. Variations in the molecular structure of beta agonists affect the onset and duration of bronchodilation. As …
3. トゥレット症候群：マネージメントtourette syndrome management [show details]
…reduction with these agents is not consistent. In some trials, alpha adrenergic agonists were no better than placebo for reducing tics , and indirect evidence suggests that the magnitude of effect may be less …
4. 慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）と心血管疾患を併発する患者のマネージメントmanagement of the patient with copd and cardiovascular disease [show details]
… Evidence of an adverse effect of theophylline in patients with CVD is largely indirect,…inhaled beta agonists did not increase the risk of fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction . The management of acute exacerbations of COPD is discussed separately. Inhaled long-acting beta agonists (LABAs)…
5. 心不全患者に心臓以外の手術で行う術中管理intraoperative management for noncardiac surgery in patients with heart failure [show details]
…hypovolemia, administration of an alpha₁ receptor agonists (eg, phenylephrine) or direct/indirect sympathomimetic (eg, ephedrine) is appropriate, rather than rapid or significant volume loading . Modified …

English Journal

Gastric dysregulation induced by microinjection of 6-OHDA in the substantia nigra pars compacta of rats is determined by alterations in the brain-gut axis.

Toti L1, Travagli RA2.
American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology.Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol.2014 Nov 15;307(10):G1013-23. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00258.2014. Epub 2014 Oct 2.
Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a late-onset, chronic, and progressive motor dysfunction attributable to loss of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons. Patients with PD experience significant gastrointestinal (GI) issues, including gastroparesis. We aimed to evaluate whether 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6-OH
PMID 25277799

Three mechanisms by which striatal denervation causes breakdown of dopamine signaling.

Dreyer JK1.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.J Neurosci.2014 Sep 10;34(37):12444-56. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1458-14.2014.
Progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons is the neuropathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Symptoms of the disease can often be treated by DA D2 agonists and thus seem related to disinhibition of the indirect striatal pathway. However, there is no evidence that symptoms a
PMID 25209283

Sympathetic predominance is associated with impaired endothelial progenitor cells and tunneling nanotubes in controlled-hypertensive patients.

de Cavanagh EM1, González SA2, Inserra F3, Forcada P2, Castellaro C2, Chiabaut-Svane J2, Obregón S2, Casarini MJ4, Kempny P4, Kotliar C2.
American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol.2014 Jul 15;307(2):H207-15. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00955.2013. Epub 2014 May 23.
Early endothelial progenitor cells (early EPC) and late EPC are involved in endothelial repair and can rescue damaged endothelial cells by transferring organelles through tunneling nanotubes (TNT). In rodents, EPC mobilization from the bone marrow depends on sympathetic nervous system activity. Indi
PMID 24858852