WordNet

a very contagious infection of the skin; common in children; localized redness develops into small blisters that gradually crust and erode

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/04 06:07:54」(JST)

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Impetigo /ɪmpɨˈtaɪɡoʊ/ is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection most common among preschool children.^[1] People who play close contact sports, such as rugby, American football, and wrestling or boxing, are also susceptible, regardless of age. Antibiotic creams or pills are often used as a remedy.

Globally impetigo affected about 140 million people (2% of the population) in 2010.^[2] Impetigo is not as common in adults. The name derives from the Latin impetere ("assail"). It is also known as school sores.^[3]

Classification

Impetigo on the neck

Impetigo contagiosa

This most common form of impetigo, also called nonbullous impetigo, most often begins as a red sore near the nose or mouth which soon breaks, leaking pus or fluid, and forms a honey-colored scab,^[4] followed by a red mark which heals without leaving a scar. Sores are not painful, but may be itchy. Lymph nodes in the affected area may be swollen, but fever is rare. Touching or scratching the sores may easily spread the infection to other parts of the body.^[5] Ulcerations with erythema and scarring also may result from scratching or abrading of the skin.

Bullous impetigo

Bullous impetigo, mainly seen in children younger than 2 years, involves painless, fluid-filled blisters, mostly on the arms, legs, and trunk, surrounded by red and itchy (but not sore) skin. The blisters may be large or small. After they break, they form yellow scabs.^[5]

Ecthyma

In this form of impetigo, painful fluid- or pus-filled sores with redness of skin, usually on the arms and legs, become ulcers that penetrate deeper into the dermis. After they break open, they form hard, thick, gray-yellow scabs, which sometimes leave scars. Ecthyma may be accompanied by swollen lymph nodes in the affected area.^[5]

Causes

It is primarily caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and sometimes by Streptococcus pyogenes.^[6] Both bullous and nonbullous are primarily caused by S. aureus, with Streptococcus also commonly being involved in the nonbullous form.^[7]

Transmission

The infection is spread by direct contact with lesions or with nasal carriers. The incubation period is 1–3 days after exposure to Streptococcus and 4–10 days for Staphylococcus.^[8] Dried streptococci in the air are not infectious to intact skin. Scratching may spread the lesions.

Diagnosis

Impetigo is usually diagnosed based on its appearance. It generally appears as honey-colored scabs formed from dried serum, and is often found on the arms, legs, or face.^[6]

Treatment

For generations, the disease was treated with an application of the antiseptic gentian violet.^[9] Today, topical or oral antibiotics are usually prescribed. Treatment may involve washing with soap and water and letting the impetigo dry in the air. Mild cases may be treated with bactericidal ointment, such as mupirocin. For impetigo caused by Staphylococcus aureus, nasal application of Triple Antibiotic Ointment may help.^[10]

More severe cases require oral antibiotics, such as dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin, or erythromycin. Alternatively, amoxicillin combined with clavulanate potassium, cephalosporins (first-generation) and many others may also be used as an antibiotic treatment. Alternatives for people who are seriously allergic to penicillin or infections with MRSA include doxycycline, clindamycin, and SMX-TMP. When streptococci alone are the cause, penicillin is the drug of choice.

Epidemiology

Globally, impetigo affected about 140 million people (2% of the population) in 2010.^[2]

References

^ "Impetigo - NHS Choices". www.nhs.uk. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
^ ^a ^b Vos, T (Dec 15, 2012). "Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.". Lancet 380 (9859): 2163–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2. PMID 23245607.
^ Impetigo — school sores — Better Health Channel
^ Cole C, Gazewood J (2007). "Diagnosis and treatment of impetigo". Am Fam Physician 75 (6): 859–64. ISSN 0002-838X. PMID 17390597.
^ ^a ^b ^c Mayo Clinic staff (5 October 2010). "Impetigo". Mayo Clinic Health Information. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
^ ^a ^b Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; & Mitchell, Richard N. (2007). Robbins Basic Pathology (8th ed.). Saunders Elsevier. pp. 843 ISBN 978-1-4160-2973-1
^ Stulberg DL, Penrod MA, Blatny RA (2002). "Common bacterial skin infections.". American Family Physician 66 (1): 119–24. PMID 12126026.
^ "ISDH: Impetigo". state.in.us. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
^ MacDonald RS (October 2004). "Treatment of impetigo: Paint it blue". BMJ 329 (7472): 979. doi:10.1136/bmj.329.7472.979. PMC 524121. PMID 15499130.
^ Grossman, Elizabeth M.; Nanda, Shivani; Gordon, Jennifer R. S.; Dubina, Meghan; Rademaker, Alfred W.; West, Dennis P.; Lio, Peter A. (2012-12-01). "Clearance of nasal Staphylococcus aureus colonization with triple antibiotic ointment". Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD 11 (12): 1490–1492. ISSN 1545-9616. PMID 23377521.

External links

Impetigo Pictures — Pictures of Impetigo caused by Staph Infections and MRSA.
NIH/Medline
Photos (University of Iowa)
Dermnet NZ
Impetigo and Ecthyma at Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Professional Edition

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 膿痂疹 impetigo
2. 膿疱性皮膚病変を有する患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with pustular skin lesions
3. Suspected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections: Evaluation and management in children >28 days
4. Differential diagnosis of suspected child physical abuse
5. 外陰部病変：形態に基づく鑑別診断 vulvar lesions differential diagnosis based on morphology

English Journal

Retapamulin Prescriptions and Monitored Off-Label Use.

Mundy LM1, Sampson T, Logie JW.
Paediatric drugs.Paediatr Drugs.2014 Jun 17. [Epub ahead of print]
INTRODUCTION: Retapamulin, a topical pleuromutilin that selectively inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, is approved for treatment of impetigo and secondarily infected traumatic lesions in adults and in children older than 9 months of age.OBJECTIVE: A 5-year study was conducted to monitor prescript
PMID 24935401

The global burden of skin disease in 2010: an analysis of the prevalence and impact of skin conditions.

Hay RJ1, Johns NE2, Williams HC3, Bolliger IW2, Dellavalle RP4, Margolis DJ5, Marks R6, Naldi L7, Weinstock MA8, Wulf SK2, Michaud C9, J L Murray C2, Naghavi M2.
The Journal of investigative dermatology.J Invest Dermatol.2014 Jun;134(6):1527-34. doi: 10.1038/jid.2013.446. Epub 2013 Oct 28.
The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2010 estimated the GBD attributable to 15 categories of skin disease from 1990 to 2010 for 187 countries. For each of the following diseases, we performed systematic literature reviews and analyzed resulting data: eczema, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, pruritus, a
PMID 24166134

Skin infections in young people (aged 14-18 years): an integrative review.

Lambe CI1, Hoare KJ.
The Journal of school nursing : the official publication of the National Association of School Nurses.J Sch Nurs.2014 Jun;30(3):156-64. doi: 10.1177/1059840513501087. Epub 2013 Aug 14.
Skin infections are a major cause of preventable hospitalization, with young people being particularly susceptible. Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infection typically presents as skin infection. CA-MRSA infection rates have increased rapidly in the past de
PMID 23945044

Japanese Journal

症例膿痂疹様皮疹を契機に診断した補体C9欠損症の1例

壷井聡史,三原祥嗣,岩本和真
西日本皮膚科 = The Nishinihon journal of dermatology : 日本皮膚科学会西部支部機関誌 74(6), 585-588, 2012-12
NAID 40019534275

ステロイド内服を行い帝王切開で出産した疱疹状膿痂疹の1例 (特集乾癬)

澤田光男,塚本文人,肥田時征
皮膚科の臨床 54(10), 1341-1344, 2012-10
NAID 40019458392

小児アトピー性皮膚炎の顔面病変の治療

杉山晃子,西江温子,増本夏子,村上洋子,古江増隆
アレルギー 61(2), 204-214, 2012-02-28
【背景と目的】日常診療において,小児アトピー性皮膚炎は成人の場合とは異なる配慮が必要であり,中でも顔面の皮疹に対しては治療に難渋することも多い.小児アトピー性皮膚炎の顔面の皮疹における悪化因子とその対処について実際の治療例をもとに考察した.【方法】当院にて経験した小児アトピー性皮膚炎における難治性の顔面病変のうち6症例について検討した.【結果】小児においては眼囲,口囲への外用の難しさ,ヨダレ・こす …
NAID 110009425602

Related Pictures

Impetigo - Pictures, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Prevention | Diseases Pictures Bullous impetigo=القوباء الفقاعية Impetigo contagiosa =القوباء المعدية Treatment For Diseases of Humen: Impetigo Treatment Impetigo or School Sores - Child Health Impetigo - Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention & Home Treatment

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「膿痂疹」「伝染性膿痂疹」
拡張検索	「bullous impetigo」「Bockhart impetigo」

「膿痂疹」

Impetigo
	Facial impetigo
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Dermatology, infectious disease
ICD-10	L01
ICD-9-CM	684
DiseasesDB	6753
MedlinePlus	000860
eMedicine	derm/195 emerg/283 med/1163 ped/1172
Patient UK	Impetigo
MeSH	D007169

　　[★]

日: のうかしん
英: impetigo

膿疱と痂皮が混在した状態
皮膚への細菌感染症である細菌性皮膚炎によって見られる

「伝染性膿痂疹」

　　[★]

impetigo + contagion
ラ: impetigo contagiosa
同: とびひ

分類

「bullous impetigo」

　　[★]

ラ: impetigo bullosa
関: 伝染性膿痂疹

「Bockhart impetigo」

　　[★] ボックハルト膿痂疹

[1] "Impetigo - NHS Choices". www.nhs.uk. Retrieved 11 December 2014.

[LancetEpi2012-2] Vos, T (Dec 15, 2012). "Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.". Lancet 380 (9859): 2163–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2. PMID 23245607.

[3] Impetigo — school sores — Better Health Channel

[Cole-4] Cole C, Gazewood J (2007). "Diagnosis and treatment of impetigo". Am Fam Physician 75 (6): 859–64. ISSN 0002-838X. PMID 17390597.

[Mayo-5] Mayo Clinic staff (5 October 2010). "Impetigo". Mayo Clinic Health Information. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 25 August 2012.

[Robbins-6] Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; & Mitchell, Richard N. (2007). Robbins Basic Pathology (8th ed.). Saunders Elsevier. pp. 843 ISBN 978-1-4160-2973-1

[7] Stulberg DL, Penrod MA, Blatny RA (2002). "Common bacterial skin infections.". American Family Physician 66 (1): 119–24. PMID 12126026.

[8] "ISDH: Impetigo". state.in.us. Retrieved 11 December 2014.

[9] MacDonald RS (October 2004). "Treatment of impetigo: Paint it blue". BMJ 329 (7472): 979. doi:10.1136/bmj.329.7472.979. PMC 524121. PMID 15499130.

[10] Grossman, Elizabeth M.; Nanda, Shivani; Gordon, Jennifer R. S.; Dubina, Meghan; Rademaker, Alfred W.; West, Dennis P.; Lio, Peter A. (2012-12-01). "Clearance of nasal Staphylococcus aureus colonization with triple antibiotic ointment". Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD 11 (12): 1490–1492. ISSN 1545-9616. PMID 23377521.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

impetigo