WordNet

the ability to develop an immune response following exposure to an antigen
capable of developing an immune response following exposure to an antigen; "immunocompetent cells"

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/12/07 16:46:46」(JST)

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Immunocompetence is the ability of the body to produce a normal immune response following exposure to an antigen. Immunocompetence is the opposite of immunodeficiency or immuno-incompetent or immuno-compromised. Examples include:

a newborn who does not yet have a fully functioning immune system but may have maternally transmitted antibodies - immunodeficient;
a late stage AIDS patient with a failed or failing immune system - immuno-incompetent; or
a transplant recipient taking medication so their body will not reject the donated organ - immunocompromised.

There may be cases of overlap but these terms are all indicators of non fully functioning immune system.

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that household and other close contacts of persons with altered immunocompetence receive the MMR, varicella, and rotavirus vaccines according to the standard schedule of vaccines, as well as receiving an annual flu shot. All other vaccines may be administered to contacts without alteration to the vaccine schedule, with the exception of the smallpox vaccine. Persons with altered immunocompetence should not receive live, attenuated vaccines (viral or bacterial), and may not receive the full benefit of inactivated vaccines.^[1]

In reference to lymphocytes, immunocompetence means that a B cell or T cell is mature and can recognize antigens and allow a person to mount an immune response.

References

^ Kroger, Andrew T.; Ciro V. Sumaya, Larry K. Pickering, and William L. Atkinson (2011-01-28). "General Recommendations on Immunization: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6002a1.htm?s_cid=rr6002a1_e. Retrieved 2011-03-11.

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English Journal

PMID 28314140

The hot-water extract of leaves of noni, Morinda citrifolia, promotes the immunocompetence of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

Marisa Halim A1, Lee PP2, Chang ZW3, Chang CC4.
Fish & shellfish immunology.Fish Shellfish Immunol.2017 May;64:457-468. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.045. Epub 2017 Mar 27.
PMID 28359947

Hypoxia effects on oxidative stress and immunocompetence biomarkers in the mussel Perna perna (Mytilidae, Bivalvia).

Nogueira L1, Mello DF2, Trevisan R2, Garcia D1, da Silva Acosta D2, Dafre AL2, de Almeida EA3.
Marine environmental research.Mar Environ Res.2017 May;126:109-115. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.02.009. Epub 2017 Feb 24.
PMID 28260615