WordNet
- the upper and widest of the three bones making up the hipbone
- a genus of Vespertilionidae (同)genus Vespertilio
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 作法にやかましい,目式ばった,きちょうめんな
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/02/04 08:32:22」(JST)
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This article relies on references to primary sources. Please add references to secondary or tertiary sources. (January 2007) |
Not to be confused with Poi Dog Pondering.
Hawaiian Poi Dog
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Other names |
ʻĪlio |
Country of origin |
Hawaii (United States) |
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Classification and standards |
Extinct |
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Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) |
The Hawaiian Poi Dog or ʻīlio (ʻīlio mākuʻe for brown individuals) is an extinct breed of pariah dog from Hawaiʻi which was used by Native Hawaiians as a spiritual protector of children and as a source of food.
History[edit]
The original Hawaiian poi dog derived its name from poi, a Hawaiian staple food made from kalo or taro root. Poi was used to fatten the dogs for use as food because meat was too valuable to be used as dog food. Since the Hawaiian Islands did not have large land mammals other than feral hogs, Poi dogs weren't needed for hunting. The dogs were never deliberately bred to a standard, but human and natural selection still came into play.
European explorers like Captain Cook encountered pot-bellied, short-legged poi dogs that freely associated with hogs in the village. The dogs had very short hair that could come in any color, but brown poi dogs were regarded as distinct enough to warrant a specific name. The dogs also had peculiarly flattened heads. The latter trait is sometimes ascribed to the diet of the dogs in some unspecified way. Considering that poi does not require chewing, the dogs might have lost the need to maintain strong temporalis muscles; a reduced temporal fossa will cause a dog's head to appear flattened.[1] Poi dogs were considered rather dim-witted and sluggish[2] – any good hunting dog with acute senses would neither make a good poi dog, nor be particularly useful on the islands – however, the dogs were strong-willed and not easily commanded.
The poi dog was a two-purpose breed – used for food and as a lucky charm. Unsuited for anything else, the breed declined to extinction as the native religion was abandoned and eating dog meat became unfashionable. Feral dogs of European settlers interbred with the poi dogs, and by the early 20th century at latest, the breed disappeared as a distinct entity.
Usage[edit]
Today, the term "poi dog" is most often used to refer to mix-breed dogs, but also attribute specific characteristics to Poi dogs, including the ability to eat anything, a strong will, and a unique appearance composed of different breeds. "Poi Dog" is also used to describe mixed breed dogs; sometimes, the term is colloquially used to describe people of mixed Hawaiian-Anglo heritage, although the more common term in use is hapa.
See also[edit]
Footnotes and references[edit]
- ^ Compare the high head of fighting dog breeds that typically have extremely strong temporalis muscles attacking to large and deep temporal fossae.
- ^ Coren, Stanley. The Intelligence of Dogs. Simon & Schuster (2005), p. 139.
Further reading[edit]
- Bay-Petersen, Jan (1983). "Competition for resources : the role of pig and dog in the Polynesian agricultural economy". Journal de la Société des Océanistes 39 (77): 121–129.
- Bryan, William Alanson (1915). Natural History of Hawaii. The Hawaiian Gazette Co., Ltd.
- Titcomb, Margaret (1969). Dog and man in the ancient Pacific, with special attention to Hawaii 59. Honolulu, HI: Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publications.
External links[edit]
- Drawing of dog from Honolulu Zoo breeding program in Hemmer & Backhaus (1990): Domestication at Google Books
Extinct dog breeds
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- Alaunt
- Alpine Mastiff
- Alpine Spaniel
- Blue Paul Terrier
- Braque du Puy
- Bullenbeisser
- Chien-gris
- Chiribaya Shepherd
- Cordoba Fighting Dog
- Cumberland Sheepdog
- Dogo Cubano
- English Water Spaniel
- English White Terrier
- Hare Indian Dog
- Hawaiian Poi Dog
- Hunting Dog (Felids)
- Kurī
- Molossus
- Moscow Water Dog
- Norfolk Spaniel
- North Country Beagle
- Old English Bulldog
- Paisley Terrier
- Rastreador Brasileiro
- Russian tracker
- Sakhalin Husky
- Salish Wool Dog
- Southern Hound
- St. John's Water Dog
- Tahltan Bear Dog
- Talbot
- Tesem
- Toy Bulldog
- Toy Trawler Spaniel
- Turnspit Dog
- Tweed Water Spaniel
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Dogs originating in the United States
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Extant |
- Alaskan Husky
- Alaskan Klee Kai
- Alaskan Malamute
- American Bulldog
- American Cocker Spaniel
- American Foxhound
- American Hairless Terrier
- American Pit Bull Terrier
- American Staffordshire Terrier
- American Water Spaniel
- Australian Shepherd
- Black and Tan Coonhound
- Black and Tan Virginia Foxhound
- Black Mouth Cur
- Blue Lacy
- Bluetick Coonhound
- Boston Terrier
- Boykin Spaniel
- Carolina Dog
- Catahoula Bulldog
- Catahoula Cur
- Chesapeake Bay Retriever
- Chinook
- Cur
- Dorset Olde Tyme Bulldogge
- English Coonhound
- English Shepherd
- Feist
- King Shepherd
- Kyi-Leo
- Longhaired Whippet
- Majestic Tree Hound
- McNab
- Miniature American Shepherd
- Miniature Australian Shepherd
- Mountain Cur
- Old Time Farm Shepherd
- Olde English Bulldogge
- Plott Hound
- Rat Terrier
- Redbone Coonhound
- Shiloh Shepherd Dog
- Silken Windhound
- Stephens Cur
- Swinford Bandog
- Teddy Roosevelt Terrier
- Toy Fox Terrier
- Toy Manchester Terrier
- Treeing Cur
- Treeing Tennessee Brindle
- Treeing Walker Coonhound
- Trigg Hound
- White Shepherd
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Extinct |
- Hare Indian Dog
- Hawaiian Poi Dog
- Salish Wool Dog
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
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