WordNet

reach a high point; "The river crested last night"
(heraldry) in medieval times, an emblem used to decorate a helmet
a showy growth of e.g. feathers or skin on the head of a bird or other animal
the top line of a hill, mountain, or wave
bearing an heraldic device
(of a knights helmet) having a decorative plume (同)plumed
(of a bird or animal) having a usually ornamental tuft or process on the head; often used in combination; "golden crested"; "crested iris"; "crested oriole"; "tufted duck"; "tufted loosestrife" (同)topknotted, tufted
of or relating to the ilium

PrepTutorEJDIC

(鳥の)とさか / (かぶとの)前立て,羽根飾り / 山頂,尾根;波がしら;(一般に)絶頂,最上 / 紋章,家紋
とさかのある / 紋章のある

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/11 17:05:52」(JST)

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The crest of the ilium (or iliac crest) is the superior border of the wing of ilium and the superolateral margin of the greater pelvis.

Structure

The iliac crest stretches posteriorly from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS). Behind the ASIS, it divides into an outer and inner lip separated by the intermediate zone. The outer lip bulges laterally into the iliac tubercle. ^[1] Palpable in its entire length, the crest is convex superiorly but is sinuously curved, being concave inward in front, concave outward behind. ^[2]

It is thinner at the center than at the extremities.

Development

The iliac crest is derived from endochondral bone.

Function

To the external lip are attached the Tensor fasciae latae, Obliquus externus abdominis, and Latissimus dorsi, and along its whole length the fascia lata; to the intermediate line the Obliquus internus abdominis. To the internal lip, the iliac fascia, the Transversus abdominis, Quadratus lumborum, Sacrospinalis, and Iliacus.

Abdominal external oblique muscle
Abdominal internal oblique muscle
Transversus abdominis muscle
Quadratus lumborum muscle
Erector spinae
- Iliocostalis pars lumborum
- Longissimus pars thoracis^[3]
Latissimus dorsi
Tensor fasciae latae
Iliacus muscle

Fascia lata
Iliac fascia
Transverse fascia

Clinical significance

The iliac crest has a large amount of red bone marrow, and thus it is the site of bone marrow harvests (from both sides) to collect the stem cells used in bone marrow transplantation. The iliac crest is also considered the most ideal donor site for bone grafting when a large quantity of bone is needed. For example, oral and maxillofacial surgeons will often use iliac crest bone to fill in large osseous defects of the oral cavity caused from severe periodontal disease, excess bone resorption following tooth loss, trauma, or congenital defects including alveolar clefts.^[4] The top of the iliac crests also marks the level of the fourth lumbar vertebral body (L4), above or below which lumbar puncture may be performed.

Additional images

Muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column. Left iliac crest is labeled in red.
Plan of ossification of the hip bone.
The Obliquus internus abdominis.
Muscles of the iliac and anterior femoral regions.
The relations of the kidneys from behind.
Iliac crest labeled at center right.
Iliac crest

References

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

^ Platzer (2004), p 186
^ Palastanga (2006), p 243
^ Bogduk (2005), p 106
^ Rose, Louis F.. Periodontics: Medicine, Surgery and Implants. Mosby, 072004. 26.2.2.3

Bogduk, Nikolai; Endres, Stephen M. (2005). Clinical anatomy of the lumbar spine and sacrum (4th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 106. ISBN 0-443-10119-1.
Palastanga, Nigel; Field, Derek; Soames, Roger (2006). Anatomy and Human Movement: Structure and Function. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 0-7506-8814-9. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System (5th ed.). Thieme. ISBN 3-13-533305-1.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Iliac crest.

SUNY Figs 13:02-01 - "Superficial muscles of the gluteal region and posterior thigh."
Anatomy photo:35:os-0104 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Anterior Abdominal Wall: Osteology and Surface Anatomy "
Atlas image: back_bone30 at the University of Michigan Health System - "The Back, Posterior View" (#4)
Diagram at emedx.com
Diagram at nih.gov

UpToDate Contents

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1. 股関節および鼠径部の筋骨格系検査 musculoskeletal examination of the hip and groin
2. 高齢者における軽度の骨盤骨折 minor pelvic fractures in the older adult
3. 知覚異常性大腿神経痛（外側大腿皮神経絞扼） meralgia paresthetica lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment
4. 骨髄穿刺と生検：適応および手技 bone marrow aspiration and biopsy indications and technique
5. 爪膝蓋骨症候群 nail patella syndrome

English Journal

In vitro analysis of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human teeth and bone marrow.

Tamaki Y, Nakahara T, Ishikawa H, Sato S.SourceDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan.
Odontology / the Society of the Nippon Dental University.Odontology.2012 Jul 7. [Epub ahead of print]
Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human teeth and bone marrow have been characterized by many research groups, but demonstrate inconsistent cellular phenotypes or functions, partly because of differences in culture methodology. Therefore, our aims were to resolve these inconsistencies and discuss
PMID 22772774

Effect of TheraCyte-encapsulated parathyroid cells on lumbar fusion in a rat model.

Chen SH, Huang SC, Lui CC, Lin TP, Chou FF, Ko JY.SourceDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society.Eur Spine J.2012 Jul 6. [Epub ahead of print]
INTRODUCTION: Implantation of TheraCyte 4 × 10(6) live parathyroid cells can increase the bone marrow density of the spine of ovariectomized rats. There has been no published study examining the effect of such implantation on spinal fusion outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the ef
PMID 22766833

Japanese Journal

ITKツールを用いた3次元非線形位置合わせ手法による複数回放射線治療の線量分布合成に関する精度評価(テーマセッション4 診断・治療支援システム,計算解剖モデルに基づく診断・治療支援,医用画像処理一般)

谷川琢海,上村幸司,向井まさみ,横岡由姫,奥田保男,石津浩一,石井茂如,池田智,関昌佳,安藤裕
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. MI, 医用画像 113(410), 347-350, 2014-01-19
腫瘍再発のため近接部位に複数回放射線治療を行う場合,放射線障害のリスク低減のため,過去の線量分布となるべく重複しない治療計画を行う必要がある.本研究では2回目以降の新たな治療計画を行う際に過去の線量分布の正確な位置を把握できる方法を開発することを目的としている.しかし,従来検討していた方法では演算時間が長く要したので,本研究では短時間による位置合わせを行うことのできるInsight Toolkit …
NAID 110009821293

腸骨採骨部術後感染の治療経験

藤原弘之
日本骨・関節感染症学会雑誌 28, 5-8, 2014
NAID 40020387778

Three Case Reports of Donor Site Iliac Bone Fracture as a Complication of Anterior Cervical Fixation Surgery

Kawaoka Taigo,Hanakita Junya,Takahashi Toshiyuki,Watanabe Mizuki
NMC Case Report Journal 2(3), 109-113, 2014
… Although intervertebral implants have been advocated for cervical fixation surgery, classic Cloward's method or Smith-Robinson's methods using autologous iliac bone has been performed in our clinic for about 30 years. … However, the authors experienced three cases of donor site iliac bone fracture in the patients who performed anterior cervical fixation surgery. … Iliac bone fractures manifested with sudden pain in the vicinity of donor site. …
NAID 130005085678

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